【作者】 张晓斌；

【导师】 周元祥；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 餐饮泔水油中含大量的动植物油脂增加了污水处理的难度,泔水油的直接排放也造成了严重的环境污染及资源浪费。本文结合现阶段城市餐饮泔水油处理技术领域的发展动态,设计经济、合理的泔水油处理新工艺,研究了泔水油的前处理、泔水油水解工艺、脂肪酸直接氢化工艺和废水处理工艺,并与传统工艺进行了经济技术比较分析。 通过实验研究,结果表明: 前处理工艺最适宜的加水量是30%,加酸量以pH值控制在2-3之间为最佳条件。水解工艺直接用水作催化剂,适用于成分复杂的餐饮潲水油,选取的工艺条件是:加水量30%左右,压力3.5MPa。加氢工艺正交实验研究表明,氢化反应温度在180℃时最好,同时也发现加入催化剂后到通氢反应前的升温速度也至关重要,升温时间过长,加氢效果明显下降,升温时间一般在25分钟为宜;实验中的环境条件下,0.25%的催化剂添加量处理效果最好;搅拌方式及搅拌速度对氢化反应有很大影响的,氢化反应是多相催化反应,催化剂与气液反应物须混合充分,搅拌速度900r/min为最佳;根据实验结果,实验压力控制在1.2MPa时比较理想。 分离油后的污水处理采用气浮+厌氧+SBR工艺,经过调节池和气浮后,采用SBR工艺处理餐饮废水,在本实验所确定的运行周期条件下,当进水COD_cr浓度为800mg/L,进水油浓度为200mg/L范围内,出水水质均能达到国标（GB8978-1996）排放标准。 在小试和中试的基础上对本实验工艺和传统工艺进行了经济效益的分析比较,比较结果表明,本研究设计的工艺具有投资大幅度下降、原料成本低、效益高、生产过程运转费用低、产品质量稳定等优点,有较强的实用价值。 本研究采用先水解,然后直接氢化的泔水油处理新工艺,把餐饮废油资源加工成具有高附加值的工业原料——油酸、硬脂酸、甘油、生物柴油等系列产品。使其形成一个经济效益可观的新型产业,不仅“变废为宝”,同时消除餐饮废油的污染。从产品质量、能量消耗、废水处理、投资额度和经济效益各个方面与传统工艺相比具有明显的优势,具有较高的推广应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hogwash fat containing large quantity of animal and vegetable oil adds difficulty to be treated with, hogwash fat also causes serious environmental pollution and resource waste by sluiced directly. In this paper, integrated developing situation of present town hogwash fat process technology, Designed economical and rational new process about hogwash fat, study on pretreatment, hydrolysis, direct hydrogenation and wastewater control process, also compared and analyzed the economical technology with traditional process.According to the study tests, the results show:Pretreatment, the fittest adding water capacity is 30 percents, adding acid capacity is pH 2 to 3.Hydrolysis, use water as catalyst directly, adapt to complicated ingredient hogwash fat, select the process conditions are: adding water capacity is 30 percents, pressure is 3.5 MPa. Hydrogenation temperature, according crossing tests results, we obtain that the best hydrogenate temperature is 180°C, also fond that the heating time before add catalyst is same important, when heating time long the hydrogenate ratio decline apparently, the best heating time is 25mins;Catalyst, on the conditions of pretreatment thoroughly and in the testing environs, 0.25percents catalyst quantity is fittest to hydrogenation; Stirring, mixed thoroughly about catalyst and liquid should pledged, the best stir speed is 900 r/min; Pressure, according the results of tests, the 1.2MPa is the best pressure condition.Wastewater after separated oil from hogwash fat control used compound process including air flotation, detest oxygen and SBR. After flow adjust pool and air flotation pool, on the conditions of test cycle with SBR process, when input water COD consistency is 800 mg/L, oil consistency below 200 mg/L, the output water quality can attain the standard of 2thlevel(GB8978-1996).Compared with traditional process from products economic benefits analyze based on experiments and amplify tests, the results show that new process has obvious superiorities from investment capital quota, raw material, economic benefits, orbit cost and products quality. It has high apply worthy.These studies use hydrolysis first then hydrogenate new process to treated hogwash fat to produce glycerine, oleic, and stearic acid etc high benefits industry material. Form a good benefits new profession, not only tune waste into treasure,but also eliminate the pollution of hogwash fat. This study process has obvious superiorities compared with traditional process from products quality energy consume waste water treatment capital investment quota and economic benefits different sides, it has high popularize apply worthy.更多还原