【作者】 程丽莉；

【导师】 苏淑钗； 秦岭；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 森林培育， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 板栗(Castanea mollissima BL.)是我国优良的坚果类果树,果实品质、适应性和抗逆性均优于栗属的其他种。作为原产于我国的特有果树,在长达数千年的栽培历史中,受地形及气候类型复杂多样的生境因子作用和分离、突变、迁移、自然选择、人工选择的综合作用,其群体已经产生了大量遗传变异,形成了极其丰富的遗传多样性。其中有大量的优良珍稀品种急待开发和利用 本研究利用 AFLP 分子标记技术对燕山地区实生板栗5个居群共136份材料进行了遗传多样性分析及亲缘关系评价。运用3个选择性引物组合共扩增出112个可靠的 AFLP 遗传标记,其中多态性标记106个,多态性比率为94.64%,总的遗传多样性h=0.3118,Shannon 信息指数I=0.4745。遗传多样性分析表明燕山地区实生板栗显示出高水平的遗传多样性,居群内的遗传变异远高于居群间的遗传变异。各居群间的遗传距离差距很大,5个供试居群136个样本的遗传距离范围在0.91800～3.33098。比较怀柔、兴隆、宽城、迁西、遵化5个居群的遗传多样性参数值,可以看出怀柔居群的遗传多样性最高,其 Nei 值为h=0.3176,而迁西最低h=0.2144。从聚类图中可以看出,怀柔和兴隆居群首先在L=1.77460处聚在一起,表明两者之间较为接近,与遵化居群在L=1.87205处聚在一起,最后与宽城和迁西两个居群在L=3.64666处聚在一起。其结果基本按照地理分布聚类,分支分化与地理分布区域呈现出一定的相关性,表明地理环境在板栗的分化及系统发育过程中起着重要作用。居群遗传多样性高低受地形、气候、品种分布等多方面因素的影响,与目前栽培品种相比,遗传多样性明显偏高,认为对于有优良性状表现的实生老栗树收集保存是十分必要的。 构建燕山板栗实生居群核心种质库。应用 NTSYSpc2.10和Popgene3.2软件,根据材料的聚类关系,综合考虑各居群的地理位置、亲缘关系、位点的变异及遗传距离等方面删除材料,共删除99份材料,初选37份材料为核心种质。讨论了 AFLP 技术在板栗遗传多样性和系统发育学等方面研究的适用性及其意义,认为 AFLP 技术是研究该物种遗传多样性的一个可行而实用的重要方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese chestnut, Castanea mollissima BL., which fruit quality and applicability is better than other Castanea genus, its diversity showed that genetic difference among different varieties is obviously existed.This paper summarized the studies on genetic diversify of Castanea genus.By molecular marker technology, systematically study on the genetic diversity of Chinese chestnut( Castanea mollissilna)v/as conducted in this paper.The study mainly focused on analyzing the genetic diversity, and to explore the genetic relationship among different characters of Chinese chestnut populations, so as to provide scientific base for preserving and utilizing chestnut germplasm, especially geographical distributing and original theory of castanea genus, genetic diversity of Chinese special species and groups.On the base of AFLP data abtained from the study, clustering analysis on the 5 populations materials of Chinese chestnut were carried out, the relationships within different systems of Castanea mollissima BL. were discussed.Some factors affecting establishment of AFLP technological system have been tested and analyzed, and at last the most effective system was established.Three pairs of primers selected from 9 primer combinations were identified to be high polymorphic and were applied on AFLP amplification in 5 populations plants, 112 loci were gained, including 106 of the polymorphic loci, so the polymorphic percentage was 94.64%.Genetic diversity was found, being h=0.3118, 1=0.4745, which could fully showed that there was rich genetic diversity and higher one in Yanshan.The data of the relative magnitude of genetic differentiation among populations showed that the genetic variation within population was higher than that of among population, so the degree of the genetic variation among population was lower.Genetic distance of 5 populations ranged from 1.77460 to 3.33098.Genetic diversity among populations ranged from 0.2144 to 0.3176, respectively for Huairou population and for Qianxi population.The genetic diversity of population influenced by topographty climate, variety distributing it was very important to collect and conserve the Chinese chestnut which properties was excellence.The fingerprinting pattern based on AFLP was preliminarily established via NTSYSpc2.10 and Popgene3.2.Through experiments and analysis, breakthrough and achievements were obtained in such aspects as the synthetically evaluating the different populations of parent hypotaxis geography distribution loci variation and so on.The core collection of germplasm of Castanea mollissima BL. was established.37 samples were selected out of 136 varieties as the core collection of germplasm based on the AFLP fingerprints and the cluster analysis of Nei’s genetic distance.The selsctions mostly remained the genetic diversity of total collection.The study provided useful information for developing superior cultivars and utilized the chestnut genetic resources.更多还原