【作者】 杨君；

【导师】 张志翔； 沈应柏；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 野生动植物保护与利用， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 以节水为中心,通过样方调查对目前应用于北京市各功能区绿地的配置模式、植物组成,乔灌草构成比例、地区分布、物种丰富度、多样性、灌溉方式、单位面积灌溉量、耗资等方面进行对比调查并做简单评价。北京市绿地配置模式基本上为乔—灌—草的复层配置模式。校园绿地的配置模式是评价较好的模式,最差的是道路绿地配置模式。校园绿地的配置模式采用喷灌方式,单位面积年用水量较其它绿地节水0.05m~3。 在此基础上以早熟禾、金银木和元宝枫为校园绿地配置的上、中、下三层植被的代表植物,测定它们在不同郁闭度下的蒸腾耗水性,结果显示:在4—6三个月期间,郁闭度0.5左右时的早熟禾和金银木的耗水量分别比它们在郁闭度0.3蒸腾量减少37.4mm和7mm,且长势较好。从而得出以节水为目的,配置中最佳乔—灌—草的面积比例为:10:11:17。在此基础上,建立了适合北京市地区的配置模式节水综合评价体系,确立四大类指标,即,生态特征指标、节水特征指标、景观特征指标以及经济特征指标,在四大类指标内,又分别分出各自的具有可操作性的亚指标。根据模糊综合评判原理和方法,对现有各功能区植物配置模式做综合评价与比较排序。对校园绿地的配置模式进一步优化,推出三个建议性节水优化配置模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 the measurenemt of the water-saving characteristics of different plants are made on the standard plots in different green land. The differences of allocation pattern of green land in different function districts, structure of plants, species abundance and diversity, irrigation patterns, water consumption per unit area as well as the capital outlay were conducted and evaluated. The data shows that the allocation patterns of green land in Beijing are mostly arbor-shrub-herb in different layers. The green land allocation patterns in campus are much better, and the patterns along the city roads are the worst in all these patterns. Sprinkler irrigation is used in campus green land, this will save 0.05m~3 water per square meter each year than other green land. Based on this investigation, Acer truncatum, Lonicera maackii, Poa pratensis were chosen as representative plants in higher, middle, and lower layer respectively, their water consumption of transpiration in different crown densities, the result are following: From April to June, when the crown density is 0.5, water consumption of is 37.4mm and 7mm lower respectively than that their crown density is 0.3, and plant growth are the same. From that, in order to save water, we can safely say that the best allocation pattern is arbor, shrub, and herb under a proportion of 10:11:17. So we have established an overall assessment system suitable for plant allocation in Beijing. It consists of four type indicators: ecological characteristics indicators, water-saving characteristics indicators, landscape characteristics indicators and economic characteristic indicators. These four type indicators are splited into some smaller, applicable indicators respectively. Moreover, an integrated assessment model based on fuzzy sets is used in evaluating and ranking the green land plant allocation patterns in different function districts. With that, further optimization in plant allocation pattern in campus was conducted. Finally, we bring forward three constructive water-saving plant allocation patterns.更多还原