知识资本与企业绩效

【作者】 肖静；

【导师】 马丽波；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 产业经济学， 2005， 硕士

【副题名】一个基于以知识为基础的企业理论的实证研究

【摘要】 随着人类社会步入知识经济,知识将成为最基本的生产要素。企业最重要的资本已不再是传统的物质资本,而是知识资本。对知识的有效管理能够促成企业组织知识的增殖,进而促进企业知识资本的增殖,保证企业持续的利润增长,而知识资本的回报和增殖主要依靠自身的创新能力。虽然目前国内对知识管理的呼声日益高涨,但由于在理论基础方面,我国对知识资本的关注还只是停留在对西方知识资本理论的介绍和引进阶段,众多企业还未深刻认识到知识资本对于企业的意义。基于此,本文探讨了知识资本理论兴起的背景和理论基础,以及西方知识资本理论的发展历史和现状,并从知识的角度论述了企业的性质,指出企业是比市场更为有效率的积聚知识的制度安排,论证了企业的知识资本才是企业竞争优势的基石和利润的源泉。 在以知识为基础的企业理论下,本文分别重点研究了知识资本的构成要素:人力资本、组织资本和关系资本。从知识的角度,揭示了企业的异质性、超额利润的来源、企业的规模(边界)和竞争优势,探讨了各项知识资本要素的特征,并构建模型,研究知识资本各构成要素对企业绩效的影响。为了论证知识资本各构成要素对企业绩效的影响及其作用路径,本文通过问卷调查和深度访谈的方法,借助SPSS软件进行实证分析,得出以下结论:知识资本各构成要素之间相互作用,且相互作用的路径不同;人力资本必须通过组织资本和关系资本才可对企业绩效产生正面或负面的影响,关系资本和组织资本将直接影响企业的绩效,而人力资本将间接作用于企业绩效;从各要素影响企业绩效的独立性来看,关系资本最强,组织资本次之,人力资本最弱。基于上述结论,本文对企业认识知识资本,进行知识管理提出了建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 With advent of knowledge-based era, knowledge will become the most basic production factors. Not traditional material capital but knowledge capital is most important for firms. The efficient knowledge management can promote the proliferation of organizational knowledge, and then knowledge capital, which ensure the continuing increase of profit while the return and proliferation of knowledge capital depends on its innovation. Although the voice advocating of knowledge management is more and more strong, many firms still hardly understand deeply the point of knowledge capital result of the effort on knowledge capital only focuses on the introduction and learn in China. In order to build the complete theory, the paper probes into the background and theoretical base, as well as the development history and present progress of knowledge capital. And then, the paper discusses the nature of firm in knowledge context, and points out that firm is the more efficient institution arrangement than market. Knowledge capital is the footstone of competition advantage and the source of profit.The paper puts stress on the composition of knowledge capital respectively, human capital, organizational capital and relationship capital under the knowledge-based theory of firm to explain the firms’ difference, the source of extra profits, the scale (border) of firm and competition advantage. Meanwhile, the paper rebuilds demand and supply curves to investigate the route where every elements forms and the contribution to enterprise’s performance, and gets some reasoning. In order to find out the impact and route of knowledge capital on firm’s performance to test above reasoning, this paper analysis with SPSS the data gathered through questionnaire investigation and interview, and draws the following conclusion: the elements of knowledge capital interacts each other in different route; Human capital can exert positive or negative effect on firm’s performance just only through organization capital and relationship capital, and relationship capital and organization capital influence performance of firm directly while human capitalacts on enterprise’s performance indirectly; In term of independent degree of three elements influencing on performance, relationship capital is most strong, then is organization capital and weakest is human capital. In light of above conclusions, some suggestions on how to realize knowledge capital and management effectively are put forward.更多还原