人力资本不平等对各地区经济增长的影响分析

【作者】 阎海岩；

【导师】 赵松山；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 数量经济学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 西方人力资本理论和新经济增长理论已经证明:人力资本是西方发达国家和新兴工业化国家经济增长的主要因素,人力资本投资和积累是经济保持持续增长的重要基础。在国内的文献中,论述人力资本对经济增长贡献的文章已经很多,而考虑人力资本分布情况与经济增长关系的文章却很鲜见。基于此,本文研究人力资本分布的不平等与经济增长的关系,考察人力资本分布不平等对各地区经济增长影响的大小。 遵循这一思路,本文的主要内容与逻辑体系安排如下: 第一,论文首先归纳和总结了国内外有关不平等与经济增长关系的研究成果,尤其是人力资本分布不平等与经济增长关系的研究,并指出其存在的不足,说明本论文研究的意义。 第二,给出一种测算我国人力资本不平等的新方法,并以此进行计算,得到一组反映我国各省市人力资本分布情况的新数据—人力资本基尼系数和人均受教育年限。在此基础上,分析了人力资本基尼系数与人均受教育年限这两个指标的变化趋势,以及在各省市之间的总体差异,最后对我国人力资本整体分布情况进行了概括。 结论如下:我国各省市人力资本分布的不平等已经倾向于减小,而且各省市的人力资本基尼系数总体差异也不是很大;各省市的人均受教育年限有了进一步的提高,平均达到了6-8年,但是人口的总体受教育水平还是比较低的。 第三,采用先进的计量经济学方法—平行数据(Panel—data)方法建立相关的检验模型。对人力资本不平等与各地区经济增长的关系进行了实证研究,并按照东中西部的划分原则,将全国分为三个组,进行组内分析和组间的比较。 结果表明:人均受教育年限与各地区经济增长成正相关关系,但是它对经济增长的贡献不大;人力资本基尼系数与各地区的经济增长成负相关关系。人力资本基尼系数对西部地区的影响为-12.9%,而对中部和东部地区的影响分别为-78.0%和-94.9%,其绝对值远远大于人均固定资本投资对经济增长的贡更多还原

【Abstract】 The theory of western new-economic growth and the theory of human capital have proved that the human capital is the basic factor of economic growth in western developed country and newly industry country, and the investment and accumulation of human capital is the base of sustainable economic growth. In the internal documents, many scholars have discussed the positive relation between human capital and economic growth. However, few people studied the effect of human capital inequality working on economic growth. Based on the situation, mis paper mainly discusses the relationship between human capital inequality and economic growth of several regions and how much the effect of human capital inequality on economic growth.Based on this, the main contents and configuration of analysis are following:Firstly, this paper summarizes the achievement about the relationship between inequality and economic growth, especially about the relationship between human capital inequality and economic growth. Then we point out the shortage of these documents and the significance of this paper.Secondly, this paper provides new measures of human capital inequality for our country. Based on this, this paper obtains a set of new data - human capital gini coefficient and average education attainment, which reflect the distribution of our country’s human capital. Then this paper analyzes the change of human capital gini coefficient and average education attainment In addition, this paper compares the difference of these indexes among several provinces. Finally this article generalizes the distribution about human capital of our country.The conclusion is as follows:Most provinces have tended to reduce the inequality in human capital distribution. And the difference of human capital gini coefficient among provincesisn’t obvious. Average education attainment of every province has improved, and the average is 6-8 year. But whole education level of our population is still lower.Thirdly, drawing on the method of econometric analysis-panel - data estimation establish the tested model. The empirical research discusses the relationship between human capital inequality and economic growth of several provinces. According to current division on area: the east, the central and the west regions, this paper analyzes these relationships and compares their differences.The results show: average education attainment has a positive relationship with economic growth. But it has little contribution to the economic growth. Human capital gini coefficient has a significantly negative relationship with economic growth. The rate that human capital gini coefficient contributes to the economic growth of west region is -12.9%, to the economic growth of central region and east region is -78.0% and -94.9% respectively. And their absolute values are much more notable than the contribution of per capita fixed capital investment on the economic growth. Otherwise, the inequality of human capital distribution has more obvious influence on east and central regions than west region. This shows the economic growth of east and central regions have been much more dependent on equality of human capital than the economic growth of west region.On the other hand, the inequality of human capital distribution has more obvious influence on east and central regions than west region. This shows the economic growth of east and central regions have much more dependence on equality of human capital than that of west region.At last, this paper provides enlightenment and tendency.更多还原