权利自认规则研究

【作者】 陈晓莉；

【导师】 肖建华；

【作者基本信息】 中国政法大学 ， 诉讼法学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 权利自认是当事人对诉讼请求的先决性法律关系表示不予争执的诉讼行为。在德日以及台湾等大陆法系国家和地区,权利自认的研究方兴未艾。但是在我国,理论研究的滞后使得权利自认规则的探讨迟迟未能得到重视,也导致了司法实践中权利自认适用的混乱。本文试图对权利自认理论进行系统的分析研究,以构建适合我国国情的权利自认规则。 不予争执的真实意思是权利自认的核心,是自认事项能够作为裁判基础的内在根据。因此,权利自认规则的构建(包括权利自认成立、生效以及撤回等)必须紧紧围绕着这一核心。本文的正文分为五个部分:第一部分介绍权利自认的概念、分析权利自认的性质,论述其作为诉讼行为所体现的内在意思要素以及它在诉讼中的防御意义。接着,文章分析了权利自认成立的形式要件和实质要件。笔者认为,不予争执的真实意思是权利自认作为诉讼行为所体现的意思因素,是权利自认成立的核心要件。第三部分探讨了权利自认的效力。从维护程序稳定的角度看,权利自认只有具备较强的约束力才能防止诉讼不公和诉讼迂回。由于民事诉讼在于解决私人纠纷,当双方对于某事项表示不予争执时,该事项就可以作为裁判基础。因此,不予争执的真实意思又是确定权利自认发生效力的内在依据。权利自认有单一的权利自认和复合的权利自认之分,二者表现出不同的效力规则,也表现出对当事人法律观点和法官法律观点不同的协调机制。权利自认的效力规则涉及虚假自认以及其在上诉审和再审程序中的效力。当不予争执的真实意思消失或者并不存在该意思时,就应当允许当事人撤回权利自认。故而,是否具备不予争执的真实意思又是决定能否撤回权利自认的根本条件。这是文章的第四部分,也即权利自认的撤回规则。最后,为了体现规则构建的本土性,笔者对我国司法实践中关于权利自认的案例进行了归纳和分析,结合前面的论述,提出了权利自认规则的构建意见。在这一部分,笔者总结出法院处理权利自认案例的一般规则,再次肯定了不予争执的真实意思在权利自认规则中的核心地位。更多还原

【Abstract】 Confession of claim is a judicial act of true declaration of the will of agreement on the legal relations or rights as bases of the subject matter of the action. Confession of claim is a hot topic in some countries and areas of civil law system such as Germany, Japan and Taiwan. However, our country’s researchers have not highlighted it, which causes the confusion of confession of right in judicial practice. In this article, the author tries a systematic analysis on this topic to construct our own regulations of confession of claim, which is suitable for our country’s actual situation.The true will of agreement is the core of the confession of claim theory and the inner reason for considering the confessions as the merits of the judgment, so, the construction of the regulation of confession of claim should firmly evolve on it. There are five sections in this thesis. The first part will introduce the conception of confession of claim and analyze its attribute. As a judicial act to abandon defensive rights, confession of claim has an important sense of defensive function. In the second part, the author discusses the substantial conditions and formal conditions of the confession of claim; in the author’s opinion, the true will of agreement is the intent factor of the confession of claim as a judicial act. In the third part, the effectiveness of confession will be discussed. From the standpoint of maintaining stability of the procedure, in order to avoid unfairness and bypass of litigation, the effectiveness of confession should have a strong restriction. Due to the aim of resolving private dispute of civil procedure, fact, which is not argued by clients, should be regarded as the basis of verdict, so the true will of agreement is the validity foundation of confession of claim and withdrawing of the confession. Pure and multiple confession of legal claim are two types of confession, which have different effect and methods. It is also regarded as the coordination of the legal idea conflicts between the clients and the judges. The validity of confession in appellate procedure and retrial procedure will be included in this section. The motion of withdrawing the confession by the confessor should be permitted when the declaration of will of confession is not true ordoesn’t exist any more, which is the withdrawing regulation. In the last part, in order to construct a suitable regulation for our country, the writer summarized some principles of claim confession on researching many civil verdicts which approve confession of claim in practice. With the theoretical analysis of the regulation, the author gives some advice on establishing a proper regulation.更多还原