【作者】 张荣保；

【导师】 姚琪；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 水体污染加剧,水环境质量日益恶化,迫切要求建立一个能够反映区域总体状况的污染负荷模型,这对流域水资源规划及调度具有重大意义。本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上,概述了污染负荷模型的研究现状,其中重点概述了非点源污染负荷模型。对不同区域、不同种类污染物的产生、迁移、转化等方面的机理性特征开展调查实验研究,特别是对与降雨有关的农业非点源污染模块,在具有典型特征的宜兴梅林小流域进行了长期大量的实验研究工作,得出了农业非点源污染物的流失规律,并将其成果应用到污染负荷模型的计算中去。结合小流域实验的研究成果,本文着重对污染负荷模型做了以下改进:1.实际调查太湖流域污染源的去向及分配比例,使得污染负荷路径分配比例更加合理;2.考虑了污染负荷的时间分配,特别是与降雨过程相对应的污染负荷量部分的计算更加准确;3.采用基于GIS的流域数字化系统,使得污染负荷的空间分配更加精确、科学。采用建立的污染负荷模型计算了无锡地区各部分的污染负荷的产生量和入河量。 建立水量水质模型,考虑总磷、氨氮及COD_cr三种因子,其中对于总磷,考虑吸附解吸过程。采用水量水质模型,用无锡地区的概化河网对建立的污染负荷模型进行率定验证。计算结果表明该模型能较好地模拟出各类污染物在河网中的分布状况,其研究成果能够为水资源管理与决策提供科学的依据,具有较大的实际指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the deterioration of water environment increasingly, it is urgent to found a pollution load model which can image the whole status in a district. In this paper, some recent study results on pollution load model are summarized, especially nonpoint pollution load model. The study is done for the mechanism study on producing、 moving and transforming of different pollutants in different areas. Great deals of experiments were carried out in Meilin watershed of Yixin, which drew the loss law of agricultural nonpoint pollutants. Applying the experiment results, this paper have made some improved on the pollution load model. 1 .The model is more reasonable by investigating the directions and distribution proportions of pollution load. 2.The time distribution of pollution load is considered, especial the output of pollution load corresponding the course of rain. 3.Adopting the numerical system of the watershed based on GIS, which made the space distribution of pollutants more accurate and reasonable. Finally, above-mentioned pollution load model is used in Wuxi district.Setting up the water quantity and water quality models about TP、 NH4 and CODcr. For TP, we consider the adsorption and analysis process. The pollution load model is tested according to the the water quantity and water qualiry models. The results indicates that this model can simulate the distributing status of pollutants in the river network well. It is concluded that the model and methods can provide scientific basis for the water resources administration and decisions which has great practical significance.更多还原