新自由主义及其在当代中国的影响

【作者】 刘世衡；

【导师】 杨生平；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 新自由主义,它在经济学上被称为“新经济自由主义”,是在继承资产阶级古典自由主义经济理论的基础上,以反对和抵制凯恩斯主义为主要特征,适应国家垄断资本主义向国际垄断资本主义转变要求的理论思潮、思想体系和政策主张。在政治哲学上,新自由主义是以保卫和守护古典自由主义传统为主要宗旨的流派。因此新自由主义有时也被称为“自由保守主义”或“保守自由主义”。它的主要代表是哈耶克和诺齐克。“华盛顿共识”的形成与推行,则是新自由主义从学术理论嬗变为国际垄断资本主义的经济范式和政治性纲领的主要标志。可以说,新自由主义的本质是国际垄断资本主义的理论体系。新自由主义的理论渊源仍然是自亚当·斯密以来的古典经济自由主义,但是又加入了许多新的思想材料,主要是在分析方法上,一方面进一步微观化、数学化,另一方面则是将经济学理论引申到社会生活的方方面面,以期使新自由主义的理论和政策主张能够解释一切历史和现实现象。新自由主义的基本主张是:主张私有制,反对公有制;相信市场机制的自发调节作用,主张维持市场竞争;崇尚个人自由,并认为经济自由最为重要;主张建立“小政府”,反对福利国家制度等等。二十世纪九十年代以来,随着我国经济政治体制改革的逐步发展,尤其是当我国确立了市场经济体制后,西方一些新自由主义思潮纷至沓来。有人不顾我们社会主义国情,大力推销西方70年代以来的新自由主义理论,哈耶克、弗里德曼等人的思想一时成为他们的法宝。他们对计划经济和公有制,对集体主义和社会主义民主政治都提出了强烈批判,在我国当前社会中形成了一股具有很大影响力的新自由主义思潮,从而对我国的改革事业产生了极大的冲击。因此,对新自由主义这股思潮进行研究,揭示其复出的原因和本质将具有重要的现实意义和必要性。这不仅会有助于澄清人们思想上的障碍,促进精神文明建设,而且对于保证社会主义改革方向和维护马克思主义的指导地位也具有重要作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 New liberalism, which is be called " new economic liberalism" on the economics, inherits the foundation of the propertied class classic liberalism economy theories.It’ s main characteristic is opposing and boycotting the Kenyens’ doctrine. On the political philosophy, the new liberalism takes protecting and guarding the classic liberalism tradition as the main aim. Therefore, sometimes, the New liberalism was also be called "free conservatism" or "conservative liberalism".It’s main representative is F.A..von Hayek and Robert Nozick.The essence of the New liberalism is the theories system of the international monopoly capitalism .The theories origin of the New liberalism is still from Adam Smith’s classic economic liberalism, In additional ,it has added many new thought materials, mainly analytical method.The basic assertion of the New liberalism is as follows: Lay claim to the public ownership, and oppose the private ownership; Believe the market mechanism self-moving regulation, and lay claim to maintain the market competition; Emphasize personal freedom, and think the economy freedom as most importance; Lay claim to establish " small government" , and oppose the welfare state system .Since 90’s in 20 centuries, our country gradually develops the structural reform of the economic and politics, particularly after established the market economy system, and the ideas of the new liberalism come into China. Some people neglect the national conditions of our socialist state, promoting new liberalism theories in west in over 70’s strongly. The ideological trend of the new liberalism brings a very big influence in current society in our country, and produces the tremendous impact. Therefore, we must carefully research the ideological trend of the new liberalism . This not only will contribute to clarify people’s thought and promote cultural and ideological progress, but also has the important function to assure the Marxist leading position and maintain socialist reform direction in our country.更多还原