【作者】 许铁力；

【导师】 姜建祥；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 环境地学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 实施大气污染物总量控制是保护大气环境质量,实现可持续发展的一项重要对策。总量控制的核心问题是如何科学合理的把总量污染负荷分配到各个排污单位,可以说大气总量控制的真正意义是污染负荷分配,进一步说,是一种环境资源的分配。分配的评价标准就是公平与效率,而我国目前的大气污染物削减量分配并不能很好兼顾公平与效率。 本文详细阐述了污染负荷分配的效率与公平标准,包括帕累托效率、补偿原则、次优理论、社会福利函数以及国际上的针对全球气候变化政策的公平原则。在此基础上,详细介绍了动态规划削减模型、线性规划削减模型、离散规划削减模型,并以此为理论基础、以可持续发展为指导思想,对总量控制中削减量的分配问题进行了模型研究。选取长春经济技术开发区 27 家工厂十五期间(2000~2005)烟尘削减量的分配为例,以环境、经济协调统一为基本出发点,建立了将削减量分配到工厂的环境经济复合模型,该模型由环境效应优化子模型和经济效应优化子模型组成。通过实例的论证和对模型的分析评价,得出该模型简单实用,且兼顾公平与效率的结论,应用该模型也有利于促使清洁生产的实施,促进资源节约以及经济增长方式的转变,从而实现环境经济协调统一发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Implementing the total control of air pollutant is an important countermeasure to protect urban air quality and to realize sustainable development .The key question of total control is how to allocate the polluting load of the total amount to each blowdown unit in a scientific and rational way. we can say the real meaning of atmospheric total control is that the pollution load allocation, furtherly, it is the distribution of a kind of environmental resources, the evaluation criterion of assigning is the equity and efficiency. The present distribution of abatement of air pollutant in our country can not balance the equity and efficiency very well. This paper explained the criterion of equity and efficiency in pollution load distribution in detail ,including Pareto efficiency , compensation principle , second best theory , social welfare function and international fair principle of policy against global climatic change .On the basis , the paper present dynamic program abatement model , linearity program abatement model and scatter program abatement model, regarding that as the theoretical foundation and sustainable development as the guidelines , carried on the research of models to the distribution of abatement in total control. Choosing TSP abatement distribution in 27 factories of Changchun economic and technological development zone during the tenth Five Years Planning (2000-2005) as an example. Departuring from the point of coordinating environment and economy to unification , established abatement distribution model ,namely environmental and economic compound optimization model. The model is composed of the economic effect optimization sub-model and the environmental effect optimization sub-model .Through the demonstration of the instance and analysis and appraise on model, it is suitable to draw the conclusion that the model is simple and practical and balances equity with efficiency. Furthermore, applying the model is beneficial to impel the implementation of cleaner production , promote resource saving and the transition of style of economic increasing, thus realize environmental and economic development in unison.更多还原