【作者】 李树铭；

【导师】 胡海波；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 以环境问题为表象的人与自然关系问题,是当今人类面对的一个重大的理论与现实问题。那么人与自然关系问题到底是一个什么性质的问题?在处理人与自然关系的时候,我们应该坚持一种什么样的评判标准?从人与自然关系出发,今天的人类应该建立什么样的社会发展观?当今的中国人将如何面对人与自然关系问题?本文旨在通过研究马克思哲学的人与自然关系思想,对人与自然关系问题提出笔者的观点。 我们认为,人与自然关系问题在社会发展中虽然是表现为一个经济问题的形态,但是从根本上而言这是一个哲学问题。理解人与自然关系,实质上就是理解人的生命本性;把握人与自然的合理关系,就是把握人的发展观念;当今中国的社会发展观是在准确定位人与自然关系的基础之上提出来的。 马克思哲学实现了近代哲学史上的一次深刻的革命,他之所以会提出“哲学的任务在于改造世界”的著名命题,是因为他在批判德国古典哲学的基础上,把人与自然关系作为他理解人全部问题基本的出发点。而且,马克思在理解人与自然关系的过程始终坚持“人的思维方式”,他从人的生命本性出发来看待交互中的人与自然,在人的实践活动中探讨人与自然的真实关系;在他看来,自然是人的自然,人与自然的关系即人与人的社会关系。 人与自然的关系是在人的历史性活动中现实地展开的。人不仅要从自然中走出来成为人,而且还要回到自然当中去成为自然。不同历史阶段的人与自然之间的矛盾是人类社会历史的现实体现。人在与自然发生关系的过程中生成人与人的关系,人与社会的关系;在人与自然关系的历史中构建人类的历史。 思考人与自然关系的目的和意义在于对人类社会的发展提出合理的观念。人类社会的发展并不仅仅是人类社会的物质财富的极大的丰富,而且同时也应该是人与自然的共同发展、共同繁荣。因此,社会发展理论就不是单一社会内在的发展问题,而是人与自然关系的发展过程,对象化人类生命本质,生成人类生命本性的过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem of environment, which is the idea of relation between human being and nature, is the important problem of theory and reality that human being should face now. In that case, which nature of the problem is the relation between human being and nature? When we deal with relation between human being and nature, which criterion of judge should we insist on? Proceed from human being and nature, which social outlook of development should we build up now? Today in China , how to face the problem of relation between human being and nature according to study the thought of relation between human being and nature.We think although the relation between human being and nature us a formation of economic problem, fundamentally speaking, it is a philosophy problem. In substance, in charge of the relation between human being and nature is to understand the natural instincts of human life see through the reasonable relation between human being and nature and the ideology of human’s development. Nowaday in China, the social outlook of development is advanced on the basis of the relation between human being and nature which is fixed position exactly.Marxism philosophy brought about a deepgoing revolution in the modern history of philosophy. The reason of advancing the famous topic "The assignment of philosophy is to remake world"" which is on the basis of criticizing Genman classical philosophy is to make the relation between human being and nature as his basical starting point to understand all sides of human’s problem. And Marx insisted on using "human’s thinking method" to understand the relation between human being and nature from beginning to end. He proceeded from natura instincts of human life to study human being and nature alternately. He also went further into the real relation between human being and nature in the human’s practice. From his points, nature is the human’s nature, the relation between human being and nature is the social relation of people.The relation between human being and nature develops realistically in the human’s historical activities. Human being not only go outside the nature to become a man, but also go back the nature to be the nature. The contradiction between human being and nature in the different historical period is the real reflection in the history of the human society. Human being produce the relation between the people and relation between human and society in the course of engaging the nature. Human also build up the human’s history in the development of relation between human being and nature.Thinking the significance and purpose of relation between human being and nature is toadvance the equitable outlook of development. Human society’s development is not only the largely rich in the material wealth, but also the human being and nature’s mutual development and flourishing. So, the social theory of development is not a single problem of development among the society. It should be the course of development in the relation of human being and nature. It also should be the course of natural instincts of human life become by essence of human life.更多还原