【作者】 李尧；

【导师】 乔双；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 电路与系统， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 进化型硬件(EHW)是将进化算法和可编程元件融合到一起而产生的新的硬件研究流派,它将进化算法和电子学有效地结合在一起,正在形成一门新的学科。它不仅开拓了硬件设计自动化、硬件自适应和自修复的新途径,而且为自然科学与工程技术的结合描绘了迷人的前景,引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。鉴于进化型硬件具有自适应环境能力和自身结构快速重构能力。可以预言:硬件进化技术将被广泛应用于电路设计、自动控制、容错系统、模式识别与人工智能、智能机器人、太空和深海等领域,尤其在航空、航天领域将展现广阔的应用前景。但进化型硬件在理论和应用上尚未成熟,为了适应未来信息产业技术的高速发展要求,应加快对进化型硬件技术研究的步伐。随着现代电子电路技术的发展,模拟滤波器已成为高精度大规模集成电路中的一个基本模块,滤波器参数选择的好坏将在一定程度上影响整个系统的工作稳定性和噪声指标的好坏,如何更加精确地设计模拟滤波器参数是一个值得研究的课题。由于进化型模拟滤波器参数精度高,参数调节方便,设计快速灵活,设计周期短,设计成本低,集成度高,抗干扰能力强,功耗低等优点,将成为模拟滤波器的发展方向。因此对进化型模拟滤波器的研究和设计也就具有了更加重要的意义。阐述了进化型硬件的概念、构成和机理,重点对硬件进化技术的基本原理与实现方法中的关键技术进行了详细研究,提出了进化型模拟状态变量滤波器和进化型跨导滤波器的硬件结构,并对这两种类型滤波器的性能进行了深入研究;给出了改进的自适应遗传算子,使其既与遗传进化过程有关,又与进化质量有关,较好地解决了易早熟收敛和收敛速度缓慢等问题;构造了适合滤波器参数进化的适应度函数,使遗传算法的多目标进化问题得到解决,大大加快了遗传算法的收敛速度。最后,使用 PSPICE 软件和 MATLAB软件对进化后的四阶跨导滤波器和状态变量滤波器的参数进行了电路仿真,仿真结果的精确度可与理论结果相媲美。更多还原

【Abstract】 A new school of hardware was produced through the fusion of Evolutionary Algorithmsand Programmable Logic Device, which is coming into being a new subject, combiningeffectively Evolutionary Algorithms with electronics. EHW not only provided a goodapproach to automation in hardware design, self-adaptation and self-restoration of hardware,but also depicted attractive prospect for combination of natural science and engineering. It isobtaining extensive concern of scholars at home and abroad. Because EHW has ability of self-adapting to environment and quickly self-recombinedits structure, we can predict that evolution technology of hardware will be applied extensivelyto design of electro circuit, automatic control, system of compatible error, mode identify andartificial intelligence, intelligent robot, outer space, deep ocean and so on. Especially, itopened up broad prospects for Aviation and Deep Ocean. However, in both theory andapplication, EHW is immature. In order to fit in with the needs of fast information industrytechnology development in future, we must accelerate the process of studying EHWtechnology. With the development of contemporary electron-circuit technology, analog filter hasbecome a basic module in the high precision large-scale integrated circuits. That whether filterparameter were exactly chosen or not, to some degree, made important impression onoperation stability and noise index of the whole system. How to further accurately designanalog filter parameter was a problem worthy of research. Due to remarkable merits ofevolutionary analog filter, such as, high precision of parameter, easy to adjust, faster andflexible to design, shorter period and lower cost of design, high integration degree, stronganti-jamming faculty, low power consuming, et al., it will be a important progress aspect foranalog filter. So it is further significant to study and design the evolutionary analog filter. Firstly, this paper expounded concept, structure and mechanism of EHW, mainlyresearched basic theory of hardware evolution technology and key technology in realizationmethods in detail, provided hardware structure of evolutionary state variable filter andevolutionary trans-conductance filter,and studied further performance of two filters. Secondly,it presented improved self- adaptive genetic operator, relative to both process of evolution andthe quality of evolution, settling perfectly problems of susceptible to pre-maturityconvergence and convergent velocity tardiness, meanwhile built fitness function suiting tofilter, resolving evolution questions of multi-objective, and speeding up genetic algorithmconvergence. Finally, after the four-order trans-conductance filter and state variable filterwere evolved, design results were simulated with Pspice and Matlab software. Results weresatisfying.更多还原