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自旋链在平面波背景下的孤子解和光格子中超冷原子的量子相变

Exact Soliton Solution of the Spin Chain in a Plane Wave Background and Quantum Phase Transition of the Dipolar Bosons in Optical Lattices

【作者】 李秋艳

【导师】 谢征微;

【作者基本信息】 四川师范大学 , 理论物理, 2005, 硕士

【摘要】 本论文的内容共分两章,第一章研究的是有关铁磁学中的磁孤子问题。自旋波理论是1930 年由布洛赫首先提出来的,它是从体系的整体激发的概念出发,很好的解释了自发磁化在低温下的行为,自旋波又称为磁振子。在这一章我们利用霍尔斯坦-普里马科夫(H-P)变换,对外磁场作用下各向异性的海森伯自旋链的自旋波相互作用进行了研究。在低温和连续近似下,海森伯自旋链的运动方程可以约化为非线性薛定谔方程。这里我们运用达布变换方法,得到了有外磁场驱动的各向异性一维铁磁链在平面波背景下的N孤子解。作为N 孤子解的特例,给出了一孤子解和二孤子解的解析表达式,并且详细的讨论了它们的性质,例如孤子的有效质量、色散关系、能量及孤子的稳定性条件与各向异性参数和平面波的振幅之间的关系等。第二章研究的是关于玻色爱因斯坦凝聚的量子相变问题。根据全同粒子系统在交换下表现出来的对称性,自旋为普朗克常数整数倍的粒子,在统计物理中遵守玻色统计,称为玻色子(Bosons)。对于玻色子系统,对称性使得聚集在同一个量子态上的粒子数不受限制,适当的条件下,就会出现玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚现象(Bose-Einstein Condensations,缩写为BEC)。在这一章,我们首先介绍了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的发展史、物理学本质、实验上成功实现玻色爱因斯坦凝聚的方法,以及玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中重要的方程-Gross-Pitaevskii方程(简称G-P 方程)。然后我们对光格子中囚禁的偶极玻色子做了详细的研究,

【Abstract】 In the first section of this paper, spin wave interaction for anisotropic Heisenberg spin chain driven by an external magnetic field are studied in terms of the Holstein-Primakoff transformation. At a low temperature and continuum limitation the equation of motion can reduce to the Nonlinear-Schr?dinger equation. Employing Darboux transformation we construct exact N-soliton solution for anisotropic spin chain driven by an external magnetic field in linear wave background. As a special case the explicit one-and two-soliton solutions in spin wave background is obtained. The dispersion law, effective soliton mass, and the energy of each soliton are investigated detailedly. Our result show that the stability criterion of soliton is related with anisotropic parameter and the amplitude of the linear wave. In the second part of this paper, using Green function method we study the energy spectrum of dipolar bose atoms with the dipole-dipole interaction in an optical lattice. The Superfluid-Mott-Insulator phase transition condition of the dipolar bosons is determined from the energy-band structure of the excitation spectrum as a function of interatomic repulsion, dipolar bosons interaction and the tunnel coupling constants. Furthermore, the superfluid phase is explained explicitly from the energy spectrum derived in terms of Bogoliubov approach.

  • 【分类号】O482.5;O469
  • 【下载频次】190
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