【作者】 孙海涛；

【导师】 杨振强；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 电工理论与新技术， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济的高速发展,能源问题越来越受到世界各国的重视,对能源的有效利用在全世界已非常迫切,特别是与人们的日常生活密切相关的电能。电动机作为用电量最多的设备,其节能己受到世界各国的普遍关注。电机节能的方式有很多种,变频调速控制是目前应用最为广泛的一种电机节能方式。而电压空间矢量脉宽调制SVPWM变频调速控制作为其中的一种控制方式,因其控制模型简单,便于微处理器实时控制,转矩脉动小,噪声低,电压利用率高等优越性能得到了广泛的应用,本文的设计中选用了这种电机变频控制方式。随着电力电子技术、微电子技术和计算机技术的发展,电压空间矢量脉宽调制SVPWM变频调速控制的研究重点转移到以MCU、DSP、ASIC(Advanced SpecialIntegrated Circuit)为主的数字控制方案。文中通过对纯单片机(MCU)控制和纯复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)控制的特点分析,提出采用CPLD+MCU控制结构实现电压空间矢量脉宽调制SVPWM变频调速控制,证明了该方案的合理性和可行性,并选择交流异步电机作为控制对象。由于MCU和CPLD有很强的互补性,而CPLD+MCU体系结构则能够有效地克服单纯以MCU为控制核心和单纯以CPLD为控制核心实现控制的缺点,并且把二者的长处最大限度地发挥出来。因此基于CPLD+MCU体系结构的控制系统具备可靠性高、成本低、功耗低、保密性强、体积重量小、速度高、精度高、实时性强等优点。文中详细地分析了电压空间矢量脉宽调制SVPWM的原理,给出了SVPWM的常规实现方法,并在此基础上,推导出一种简化的SVPWM实现方法,理论分析和实验结果验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。介绍了可编程逻辑器件的发展历程、开发流程、开发环境、硬件描述语言等内容。对电机变频控制中存在的死区问题进行了详细的分析研究,并提出了一种相位角预测的死区补偿方法,该方法无需检测电流过零点,减少硬件成本,软件实现方便,并取得了较好的效果。本文的设计中以CPLD+MCU作为控制芯片,完成了交流异步电机的SVPWM变频调速控制的软硬件设计,并以模块化的方式在文中介绍了整个控制系统的设计过程,对控制系统软硬件设计方面的抗干扰问题进行了分析并采取了抗干扰措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Following the rapid development of economic, more and more importance is attached to the energy sources problem by countries all over the world. Taking high effective advantage of energy sources is becoming more exigent, especially the power source which has a close relationship to our routine life. As the most consumer of power source, motor’s energy saving is paid more attention to. There are many kinds of manners to perform energy saving for motor, variable frequency adjusting speed control is the widest applied method at present in this field. As a method of this control, SVPWM is used widely because of its predominant performance such as simpler control model、 easily controlled by MPU、 little plusant torque、 low noise、 and high advantage of voltage etc. SVPWM is selected as the control method in this paper.Following the developments of electric and electronic、 micro-electronic and computer technology, the research point of SVPWM control is switched to the digital control schemes. In this paper, by analyzing characteristics of CPLD and MCU control, CPLD combined with MCU scheme is brought forth and its rationality and feasibility is proved. Because of mutual complementarity between CPLD and MCU, this scheme can overcome the shortcomings of single MCU and single CPLD scheme effectively and exert their merits farthest. So this control system has many merits such as high reliability、 low power consume、 low cost、 strong secrecy performance、 high speeds high precisions strong real time performance etc.Control principle of SVPWM is anlysed in detail in this paper. Its normal realization method is discussed too, and following this, a simpler realization method is deduced. Theoric analyse and experiment result approved the feasibility and validity of this simple method. The development course、 exploitation flow、 exploitation environment and hardware description language of programmable logic device are discussed in detail too. For dead-time problem of motor’s pulse width modulation, a deep analysis is made in detail and a new simple method of dead-time compensation based on phase angle forecast is brought forth. In this method we needn’t to detect the current zero, so this method decreases the hardware cost and makes the software realization more convenient and achieves a better result. Software and hardware design of the whole control system is fulfilled and introduced in the form of blocking. Anti-jamming problem of software and hardware is analyzed and the anti-jamming measures are taken.更多还原