【作者】 孙敬艳；

【导师】 陈景文；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 环境科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 实验研究了两种代表性蒽醌染料中间体（1,8-二羟基蒽醌（1,8-dihAQ）和1-氨基蒽醌（1-aAQ））对大型溞（Daphnia magna）的急性、亚致死性及慢性毒性效应。结果表明两者对大型溞的48h LC₅₀分别为0.37和0.23 mg/L。采用滤过和吞食速度表征亚致死毒性,而用于评价慢性毒性的参数包括:第一代繁殖时间、繁殖总个数、繁殖总代数、平均每代繁殖个体数以及一个种群参数内禀增长率。1-aAQ在0.02 mg/L处,对大型涵的捕食、繁殖、种群增长有促进效应。暴露于1,8-dihAQ和1-aAQ后,大型溞的摄食行为受到严重影响,当大型溞分别暴露于0.2 mg/L的1,8-dihAQ和0.1 mg/L的1-aAQ中达5 h时,其滤过与吞食速度分别受到97%和76%的抑制。只有当大型溞暴露于0.15 mg/L的1,8-dihAQ时,其存活率显著下降。亚致死浓度的1,8-dihAQ（0.025-0.15 mg/L）和1-aAQ（0.04-0.08 mg/L）对其繁殖能力造成严重影响。随着浓度的增加,内禀增长率下降;尤其是在0.15 mg/L的1,8-dihAQ和0.1 mg/L的l-aAQ中,下降最为明显。捕食、繁殖参数以及内禀增长率是评价1,8-dihAQ和1-aAQ对水生生物亚致死性毒性效应的灵敏指标,其中繁殖总代数、平均每代繁殖个体数最为灵敏。内禀增长率是衡量种群增长的综合参数,建议以后广泛采用。本研究同时给出了平均寿命,各繁殖参数的NOEC（无可观察效应浓度）、LOEC（最小可观察效应浓度）值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Acute, sublethal and chronic toxicity of two representative intermediates of anthraquinone dyestuffs, 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (1,8-dihAQ) and 1-aminoanthraquinone (1-aAQ), to Daphnia magna were assessed. The acute toxicity of 1,8-dihAQ and 1-aAQ, as expressed by 48 h ZC50, were 0.37 and 0.23 mg/L, respectively. Filtration and ingestion rate were adopted to characterize sublethal toxicity. The indices for chronic toxicity include: days to the first brood time, total number of neonates per female, total number of broods per female, brood size and intrinsic rate of natural increase for population. Boost effects of 1-aAQ at 0.02 mg/L were observed, with respect to the feeding, reproduction and population indices. Feeding behavior of Daphnia magna was severely affected by the two compounds. When Daphnia magna were exposed to 0.2 mg/L of 1,8-dihAQ and 0.1 mg/L of 1-aAQ for 5 h, their filtration and ingestion rate were inhibited by about 97 % and 76 %, respectively. Survival in chronic tests only descended significantly at 0.15 mg/L of 1,8-dihAQ. Reproduction ability decreased dramatically after exposing to sublethal concentration of 1,8-dihAQ (0.025 - 0.15 mg /L) and 1-aAQ (0.04 - 0.08 mg/L). The intrinsic rate of natural increase declined with increasing concentration, especially in those animals exposed to 0.15 and 0.1 mg/L of 1,8-dihAQ and 1-aAQ. The feeding and reproductive parameters are sensitive indices in charactering toxicity of the compounds to Daphnia magna, among which the most remarkable are the total number of neonates per female and brood size. The intrinsic rate of natural increase of a population is a comprehensive parameter which could be widely adopted in ecotoxicological risk assessment. In addition, the NOEC and LOEC values for longevity and several reproduction parameters were also provided.更多还原