【作者】 刘洋；

【导师】 张树深；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 环境科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 生命周期评价(LCA)是ISO14000环境管理系列标准提出的一种环境管理思想和工具,它对于提高环境管理水平,最终实现可持续发展有重大意义。为了使LCA系统能更适用于中国环境特点,论文对开发出一套采用中国环境基准,适合中国国情的LCA软件系统进行了研究。 首先,在概述课题的研究背景、现状和发展趋势的基础上,论文分析了LCA的技术框架,并以软件工程和面向对象的思想方法为指导,对LCA数据管理系统进行了结构设计。 接着,对LCA数据管理系统所包括的数据准备以及评价方法进行了研究,规定了数据库中各数据之间的链接方式,同时采用以1995～2005年中国污染物排放和政策规划为基础数据,而初步开发出一套适合中国国情的LCIA方法,作为系统主要使用的评价方法。 而后,系统以Visual Basic 6.0作为前端开发平台,后台使用强大的数据库工具mySQL作为数据库服务系统,通过ODBC和SQL语言开发数据库应用软件,对数据库进行直接访问和基本数据操作。本系统数据来源充实,数据库结构设计合理,具有良好的可扩展性,能够最大限度实现信息管理的自动化,数据管理系统具有与Windows应用程序界面一致的风格,可视化程度高,操作方便,本数据库及管理系统将为后继的基础数据库和中国LCA评价软件的开发积累有益的经验。 最后,通过把开发的系统应用于国内燃油机动车运输业的典型案例分析,对该行业产生的几种影响类型进行比较,为方案决策者提供环境方面的评价依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an environment management tool and thought brought forward by the series of ISO 14000 Standards for environment management, which has griven significance to raise the level of environmental management and realize the sustainable development in the end. In order to make LCA system more fittable to the Chinese environmental character,the article has researched the software system of LCA that is applicable to the situation of China. At the same ,the software system of LCA adopts the environment norm of China.First,on the foundation resuming backgrounds,present situation and developing tendency of the issues’ research,the paper analyzes the technological framework of LCA,and with software engineering and Object-Oriented (OO) thoughts and methods as direction,designs the structure of the system LCA.Second,the article has researched the data-prepare and the assessment measure that are included in the data management system of LCA,and prescribed the data-link mode.At the same time,on the basis of the foundation data abstracted from China contamination emissions and policy layout during 1995~2005 year,the article has empoldered a suit of LCIA method which is applicable to the situation of China.This method is adopted by the system as the main method..Third,the data management system of LCA is a kind of windows application sofeware developed by Visual Basic 6.0 language connecting the powerful database tool (mySQL) .The program design carried out by the open Database Connectivity (ODBC) and Structured Query Language (SQL) to directly access and provide basic database operation. The system is characteristic of wide selection of data sources, rational design of data structure, automatic querying for information from diferent aspects and high visual level and beter expending. It also has the same style as windows browser.And it’s easy for users. As a part of LCA database, this programme will be benefit to the development of software in LCA.Lastly,the use of the developed system is illustrated with the internal fuel vehicle carring trade.the syetem is used to compare several kinds of impact types.In order to provide the project decision-maker with the assessment gist in the environment, direction.更多还原