集中式预付费电能计量控制系统

【作者】 李昂；

【导师】 史延东；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 电力电子与电力传动， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着规模的不断扩大,学生人数的急剧上升,许多高校都兴建了高层学生公寓,如何既保证学生正常的学习、生活用电,又防止窃电、违规使用大功率电器、拖欠电费等不良现象的发生,做到用电管理的科学化和智能化势在必行。本设计正是根据学生公寓用电负荷的特点而研制开发的一种结构新颖、价格低廉的预付费电能计量管理系统,实现对用户用电情况进行集中计量、集中管理、实时控制。 集中式预付费电能计量管理系统属于由上位机和下位机构成的主从式结构。上位机采用微机对上传的数据进行显示、分析和管理,下位机采用单片机系统对现场数据进行采集、计量和对用户负载进行监控,用IC卡作为二者之间进行信息交换的载体。本设计的重点是下位机即计量控制部分,论文着重论述了多用户用电计量、用电控制、用电信息(数据)传输等设计内容。相关部分附有程序原理图、结构框图、结构框图。 在确保计量精确性的前提下,为了提高整个系统运行的可靠性,本设计采用了单独计量、分层管理、顶端控制、总线通讯的设计思路。即将整个系统分为三层,由上至下依次为主板(MB)、从板(SB)和用户板(UB),各层之间通过数据总线进行通讯;根据分布式系统的实时性要求并结合CPU的选取,确定主板与从板之间采用RS-485总线通讯,从板与用户板之间采用SPI总线通讯,在软件中定义了相应的通讯协议。按照上述系统结构设计了多用户电能计量控制部分的硬件电路,在此基础上编写了C51程序,经分别调试以及系统联调,能够实现设计目标,满足用户要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid rising of student’s number, many universities have built student’s multi-layer apartment. Under the circumstances, guaranteeing the security of student’s daily electricity, preventing the abnormal power consuming, and to realize the scientific and intelligent electric energy management is necessary. In order to meet these demands, a kind of cheap pre-paid power-measuring system with novel structure is designed, which can realize centralized measuring, centralized management and real-time control.The system is composed of the parts on the host computer and the slave microprocessor. The host computer can process all the uploaded data which could be showed and analyzed, the slave microprocessor is used to collect data, measure energy and monitor load, and the IC card is the carrier of information between the host and slave computer. The most important part is measuring and controlling in this design. So, power measuring, power controlling, data transmitting of multi-user is focused on this paper. The structure charts, program flow-charts and circuits are given.On the premise of guaranteeing accuracy of measuring, in order to raise the whole system’s security, we adopted the design methods of measuring alone, multi-zone supervision, top controlling, bus communication,and the measuring system was divided into three layers, that is main board (MB) .secondary board (SB) and user board (UB) ,carrying on the communication through the data bus between each layer. According to the real-time requirement and the CPU selection,we confirmed RS-485 bus communication between main board and secondary board, SPI bus communication between secondary board and user board ,and has defined the corresponding communication agreement in the software. Following the structure of system, we finished designing hardware and software, and finally, through debugging respectively and uniting and adjusting passing systematically, can realize the design objective, meet user’s request.更多还原