两相脉冲爆震发动机模型机试验与数值研究

【作者】 王治武；

【导师】 严传俊；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 航空宇航推进理论与工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 脉冲爆震发动机是一种利用间歇式或脉冲式爆震波产生的高温、高压燃气来产生推力的新概念发动机,这种发动机具有热循环效率高、推重比高、比冲大、结构简单等优点,将成为21世纪新型的航空航天飞行器的动力装置之一。 本文主要研究了两相脉冲爆震发动机的工作原理及工作循环方法,对内径6cm脉冲爆震发动机模型机的各种工作参数进行了测试,研究了孔板孔径、混合室螺旋螺距内径比对模型机工作参数的影响。利用激光喷雾测量仪分别就直射喷嘴与气动喷嘴研究了汽油的喷射雾化与混合雾化,得到了汽油的雾化粒度与供油量、供气量间的关系。利用CFD程序对6cm模型机混合室中油、气的混合特性进行了模拟,结果与试验结果非常吻合。结合6cm模型机多循环爆震试验,发现汽油的粒度大小对脉沖爆震模型机的油气当量比、燃油填充比有显著的影响。 利用小管径模型机试验经验对12cm模型机的进气、供油方式,供油喷嘴以及混合室结构进行优化设计与试验验证,得到了比较满意的混合室结构,同时测量得到了许多有价值的试验数据,对今后的研究大有帮助。 最后利用特征线法对爆震波在爆震管内的传播过程进行了一维数值模拟。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pulse detonation engine (PDE) is a new concept of propulsive system, which utilizes high temperature and pressure gas produced by intermittent or pulsed detonation wave to generate thrust. PDE has many desirable advantages, including high thermodynamics cycle efficiency, high thrust/weight and specific impulse, simple configuration, and will become one of the propulsive devices of aviation and spacecraft in 21st century.The working principle and cycle of two-phase pulse detonation engine are analyzed. The experimental data of pulse detonation engine model with inner diameter 6cm is obtained. And the orifice diameter of orifice plate and the helical pitch of spring in mixing chamber effects on PDE model are investigated.This paper also addresses the injection, mixing and atomization processes for plain-orifice injector and twin-fluid air-assist atomizer. A particle size meter based on laser light scattering is employed to measure mean droplet size. And the relationship between droplet size and gasoline mass and gasoline/air ratio is available. The mixing characteristics inside a mixing chamber simulated by three-dimensional CFD code are in general agreement with the experiment. Combining the atomization data with the multi-cycle detonation data, droplet size of gasoline has a considerable effect on the gasoline-air equivalence ratio and gasoline filling ratio. The smaller the droplet size, the lower the equivalence ratio required to stable detonation. The smaller the droplet size, the higher the gasoline filling ratio. As the detonation frequency increases, the effects of droplet size on equivalence ratio and filling ratio decrease.The filling mode of two-phase propellant, atomizer of PDE model with inner diameter 12cm is selected utilizing the experimental experience of PDE model with less inner diameter. The possible mixing chamber configurations are optimized experimentally and a better configuration is available. The experiment data of PDE with several mixing configurations is also obtained, which is beneficial to futureresearch.The detonation wave propagating in the detonation tube is simulated additionally utilizing one-dimensional method of characteristic更多还原