【作者】 李明月；

【导师】 苗明；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着各种产业的发展,起重机械越来越向着大型化和高速化发展。由于受视野及环境条件的限制容易造成误操作,而发生碰撞事故。因此起重机上安装缓冲器更显得重要。现在已有的隔振缓冲产品,由于受其材质、工艺等方面诸多因素的限制,真正综合指标完善,使用性能理想的产品还不多见。 新型液气缓冲器使用了新型的阻尼结构,并利用了氮气的无疲劳、体积模量小的特点,使其容量及其吸能性能优越,回弹时间短,缓冲力上升快,是较理想的缓冲设备。它可广泛应用于交通、电力、建筑及动力机械等工程领域的抗震缓冲。 本文介绍了新型液气缓冲器的结构特征、工作原理及性能特点。并通过静态试验和动态落锤冲击试验,验证了该缓冲器的性能,得到了数据结果和图形结果。试验结果表明该缓冲器具有缓冲力上升快,容量高等特点。并且在动力学分析的基础上,建立了数学模型。其仿真结果曲线与实验结果曲线吻合较好,说明了数学模型和计算方法的正确性及该仿真结果的可信性。为节省试验费用,提高研究效率,使用该仿真程序代替试验,来研究该缓冲器的回弹性能,及其在不同质量块,不同水平冲击速度下的性能表现。其结果曲线表明该缓冲器的回弹缓冲力小、吸能量大、缓冲效率高是一种更能接近理想性能曲线的缓冲产品。深入研究了节流孔直径、节流阀质量、弹簧刚度、气体初压力等关键结构参数对该缓冲器的最大缓冲力、行程、平均缓冲力、及缓冲效率等性能参数的影响,为设计人员提供了有价值的参考信息。 本文还应用Visual Basic 6.0开发了液气缓冲器仿真软件,为设计人员提供了简洁友好的用户界面,并通过具体实例介绍了软件的使用方法,验证了软件的实用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of various kinds of industries, the hoisting machinery melts and develops more and more towards maximization and at a high speed. It is apt to cause operating by mistake to be restricted by the vision and environmental condition, and the collision accident happens. So it is very important to install the buffer on the hoist. There are actually few buffer products now with perfect comprehensive performance index and ideal service ability, because of the restriction of the material, the craftwork, etc.The new-style hydraulic-gap buffer has applied new structure and utilized the characteristic of nitrogen, such as no fatigue and small elastic modulus. It made the capability and the power-absorption ability prior, the rebound time short and the cushion force increased sharply. It’s a kind of ideal serviceability and can be used in such project fields as the traffic, electricity, building and motive power machine, etc.The paper introduced the operation principle, the structure characteristics and the performance of the new buffer. Verified the dynamic performance of the new -stylel hydraulic-gap buffer and obtained the test values and the test graphs through stamp drop test. The test results indicate that the cushion force increased at a high speed and the capacity is large. The author established a mathematic model according to the dynamics analysis. The simulated results coincide with the test results very well. It indicates the accuracy of the mathematic model and the calculation method and the credibility of the simulated results. In order to cut down test expenses and improve research efficiency, use the simulated program as a substitute for test to check the individual performance under the test with individual mass and individual horizontal cushion speed. The simulated curves state that the new-style buffer rebound slightly and power-absorbed well. And it is more similar with the ideal curve. The paper discussed the influence of the orifice diameter, throttle mass, spring stiffness and the initial pressure of the nitrogen to the performance parameter, such as the maximum cushion force, the stroke, the average cushion force and the cushion efficiency. It had offered valuable reference information to designer.The paper had developed simulation software for the new-style hydraulic-gap buffer, provided to the designer with good interfaces, and introduced the operation method of the software through the concrete instance which has verified the practical value of the software.更多还原