【作者】 张传雷；

【导师】 汪志荣；

【作者基本信息】 西安理工大学 ， 农业水土工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 针对西安市雨水利用问题,本文在国内外相关研究成果的基础之上,根据西安市城市道路雨水径流污染物的特点,选取具有代表性的污染物,采用室内实验的方法,研究了在污染物影响下土壤水分的运动规律,以及污染物在土壤中的迁移和累积规律。研究成果对城市雨水利用,缓解城市用水紧缺矛盾,保护生态环境具有重要的意义。主要研究成果有:1. 石油醚纯化用的交换柱的制备和更换易受实验条件的限制,用活性炭纯化后石油醚的透光率不稳定,采用浓硫酸酸洗对于提高石油醚脱芳效果不明显。正己烷的纯化过程(浓硫酸酸洗)简便且能满足透光度实验要求。2. 实验分析了表层10cm土壤受到石油类污染物不同程度的污染后,水分和石油类在土壤中的迁移规律。结果表明,湿润锋前进速度、累积入渗量、入渗率和稳渗率随表层污染物含量的增大而减小。但是当表层含油量小于3g/kg时,表层含油量对水分入渗几乎没有影响。实验结果还表明,石油类在土壤中的迁移能力很弱,虽然表层油分随着水分逐渐向下迁移,但只有少量石油随着水分的运动迁移到下层剖面,大部分被吸附于土壤表层。3. 和清水运动规律一样,油水间歇入渗过程中,随着土壤容重的增大,西安理工大学硕士学位论文累积入渗量和湿润锋运移速度减小。在油水入渗过程中,累积入渗量和湿润锋运移速度随着土壤初始含水量的增加而增大,这与清水入渗规律相反。 4.氨氮的一维入渗实验结果表明,氨氮在土壤中的迁移以对流作用为主。在氨氮入渗过程中,氨氮在土壤表层富积,在此后的再分布过程中,氨氮在下层土壤剖面上的浓度分布趋于均匀;在间歇后的淋洗过程中,随灌水量的增加,氨氮逐渐向下层土壤迁移。 关键词:雨水利用,石油类,氨氮,入渗,回灌 本研究得到国家自然科学基金项目(40271022),陕西省水资源与环境重点实验室基金,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与早地农业国家重点实验室基金的资助更多还原

【Abstract】 Aimed at the issue of rain water utilization of Xi’an district, based on the relative research results home and aboard, according to the characteristics of the pollutants in the road runoff of Xi’an city, several kinds of representative contamination are chosen, the effects of the contamination on water movement and the transfer of the accumulation itself in soil are studied in laboratory. The research results are significant to rain water utilization of city, relief of city water shortage and conservation of ecological environment. Major findings are as follows:1. The exchange column’s preparation and replacing was limited by experimental conditions in petroleum ether purification, transparency was instable after purifying by active carbon, the effect of extraction and purification was not marked after washed by sulfuric acid. Normal hexane’s purification (washed by sulfuric acid) was simple and convenient and demands for transmittance of light were met.2. Experiment was conducted on the transfer of water and oil in soil after the upper 10cm soil layer was polluted by oil contamination to different extent. The research results indicated that the velocity of wetting front, cumulative infiltration amount, infiltration rate and stable infiltration ratehowever, it seemed to have no influence on infiltration. The results also showed that oil had very low ability to transfer. Although the oil on the soil surface moved down with water, only little can reach the lower soil layer, most of them was absorbed on the upper soil.3. Just as water movement, cumulative infiltration amount and the velocity of wetting front came down as the soil bulk density enhanced in the course of interruption infiltration of oil water. Nevertheless, when water polluted by oil infiltrated, cumulative infiltration amount and the velocity of wet front enhanced with the rise of initial soil water content which was contrary to the pure water movement.4. The results of one-dimension infiltration experiments indicated that convection dominated on the movement of ammonia nitrogen in soil. During infiltration, ammonia nitrogen cumulated on the topsoil. The concentration profile tended to distribute evenly during afterward water redistribution. In the course of leaching after interval, ammonia nitrogen moved down gradually with the increase of infiltration water amount.更多还原