【作者】 罗静；

【导师】 张友纯；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 我国是一个生态环境十分脆弱的国家,在中西部特别是西部地区最为突出。长期以来,为了解决温饱问题而开垦坡地和沙荒地种植粮食,虽然增加了一些粮食产量,却带来了植被和地表的极大破坏,造成了严重的水土流失和土地沙化。据有关部门调查,全国现有水土流失面积367万平方公里,每年输入长江、黄河的大量泥沙2/3以上来自西部地区坡耕地,土地沙化的扩展速度高达每年2460平方公里,这不仅给当地带来了生态灾难,造成土地生产力严重衰退,生态经济恶性循环,也导致了中下游江河湖库的不断淤积,河床不断抬高,加重了流域下游的洪涝水患和风沙危害。同时带来农作物减产,农村贫困程度加深,还激化了北方地区在水资源利用等方面的地区间矛盾,给国民经济和人民生产生活造成了巨大危害。不断加剧的水土流失和土地沙化,是我国中西部地区自然灾害频繁发生的根源,严重制约着我国经济、社会的可持续发展,已成为我中华民族的心腹大患。 将水土流失和土地沙化严重的坡耕地退耕还林,尽快恢复林草植被,是防治江河流域水患和遏制风沙危害的治本之策,直接关系到中华民族的繁衍生息。在此形势下,国家林业局作为生态环境建设的主管部门,紧紧抓住时机,从国民经济和社会发展对林业的客观需求出发,围绕新时期林业建设的总目标,积极发展“数字林业”,大力推广 3S 技术(全球定位系统、地理信息系统和遥感技术)、网络技术,加强工程实施监控和资源动态监测, 通过运用现代信息科技手段,推动林业管理的精确化、科学化。本文正是以此为出发点,在 MAPGIS 系统平台的基础上开发出满足目前退耕还林管理工作需要的退耕还林管理信息系统。该系统的应用为及时、客观、全面科学的评价退耕还林工程情况提供了科学的依据,很好的实现了退耕还林工程管理中的业务处理、内部办公管理微机化和图文一体化的需求。 全文共分七章:第一章,概论。首先介绍了相关技术的发展情况及发展方向,接着阐明了退耕还林管理的现状,最后分析了本系统研发的意义。第二章,退耕还林管理信息系统的需求分析。在对大量有关资料进行分析的基础上,通过实际的调查研究,对系统的特性、本系统的工作业务以及退耕还林工程的流程进行了描述。第三章,退耕还林管理信息系统的总体设计。首先对系统设计的依据进行了描述,接着对目前开发工作的技术进行了阐述,最后从用户的特点,数据字典的设计,系统的运行环境,软件平台的选择等方面进行了详述与分析。<WP=7>第四章,退耕还林管理信息系统的详细设计。本章是全文的重点,首先描述了数据的来源,接着提出了数据的管理与组织,在此基础上对系统的功能模块进行了详述,并对数据的流向做了详尽的说明。第五章,解决的关键技术问题。本章论述了在退耕还林管理信息系统中应用 GIS 解决的关键技术问题。第六章,系统的实践。本章主要体现理论与实际相结合的思想,通过一个应用实例——洪雅县退耕还林管理系统,概述了系统主要功能的操作步骤、方法。第七章,总结。在对全文进行总结的基础上,通过在洪雅县退耕还林管理信息系统试点时发现的问题,指出了系统需要进一步改进的地方,最后对整个系统的发展前景做了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Our country is a nation whose environment being very flimsy in the midwest especially in thewest. People has developed many slope land and sandlot to solve the lack of foodstuff for longtime. Though this method has enhanced some food output, at the same time, it has lead to severedestroy to the vegetation and the earth’s surface. According to some department’s investigation,our nation has 367 ten thousand square kilometer soil and water losses areas, and more than 2/3bedload in the rive Changjiang and Yellow River come from the slope infield in the west areaevery year. Desertification increases at the speeds of 2460 square kilometer every year. Thissituation has not only result in ecological disaster, the serious decline of the land productivity andthe vicious circle of the eco-economy, but also introduce the ever siltation of the middle and thedownstream of the river, the aggravation of the flood and the sand of storm harm and the everboost of the riverbed. As the issue bring forth, it has very bad aftermath, such as, the reduction ofoutput of crop, the increasing privation of country, the sharpen of contradiction in the use of waterresources between the regions. All this issue has done harm to national economy and people’sproductive life. The ever loss of soil and the desertification of land is the foundation that block ournation’s economy development. Reduced severe water and soil erosion for forest and renew forest vegetation as quick aspossible is the basis that control the water and soil erosion and the sand blown by wind hurt. In thispresent position, as competent authorities of the environment construction, our nation bureau offorestry actively develop digital forestry and energetically generalize 3S technology(GPS, GIS,RS), network technology from the nation economy and society development impersonalitydemand on forestry. Through applying modern technical measure, we have strengthened theimplementation and monitoring of project and the dynamic monitoring of resources, and we haveforced the accuracy and science in the forestry management method. The topic do therewith for springboard. We have developed the product called reduced infieldfor forest management information system on MAPGIS platform. This product can realize theproject’s demand such as, service treatment and the incorporation of graphics context It also canblaze a way in forestry system for MAPGIS. The whole article is divided into six chapters: Chapter One: introduction. It introduces the source of the subject and research meanings atfirst, then expound reduced infield for forest management’s status quo, ultimately analyses thissystem’s meanings. Chapter Two: system demand analysis. On the basis of the data analysis, it describes andanalyses the characteristic of the system, the function and achievements that are expected, throughthe investigations.<WP=9>Chapter Three: overall plan of system design. At first, it introduces technical principle. Then,it describes the present development technology. Ultimately, it describes and analyses the systemfrom the features of user, the design of data dictionary, the running environment of the system, thechoice of the software platform etc. Chapter Four: the detailed design of system. This chapter is the emphasis of the whole article.At first, it describes the resource of the data, then, it describes the design project of the datamanagement and data organization. On the basis, it describes the design and realization of the tenmain function modules, including the project plan module, the task design module, the certificatemanagement module, the check and accept module, the cash and food cash-in module, the inquiryand statistic module, the policy document module, the graphic processing module, the dataexchange module, the system setup module. Chapter Five: key technique for the solutions of the problem. It explains two ways that authoruses in the system based on GIS. Chapter Six: the impl更多还原