【作者】 胡宝珠；

【导师】 宋德勇；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 西方经济学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 农地制度是农村经济制度的基础和核心。农地制度安排的成功与否,不仅关系到农业和农村经济的发展,而且影响整个国民经济的协调发展。在农业市场化进程中,随着农业弱势地位逐步显现,现有农地制度的问题也日渐暴露,对其进行创新乃当务之急。本文运用新制度经济学中的产权理论和交易成本理论对农地产权问题进行剖析,同时也运用比较分析方法对市场主体、政府失灵与市场失灵问题进行分析。通过分析发现,在家庭联产承包责任制下,由于农地属于不具有法人资格的集体经济组织所有,农民因此难以成为农地的真正主人。农地集体所有所导致的产权权属不明给村委会和基层政府剥夺农民土地及土地收益提供了机会,从而导致大量耕地资源被占用和征用,农民负担过重,农民难以拥有长期稳定的土地承包权。农地集体所有也使农地难以实现跨区域流动,制约了农地的市场化流转。分析结果也显示,以家庭为单位的家庭农场式经营模式比以企业为单位的农业企业化的规模经营方式更有效率;农业市场化进程中市场主体应该是农业生产者而不应该是政府;在我国目前农地经营和管理中是政府失灵。针对农地制度本身及其运行中存在的问题,文章认为,要想使农地制度能够适应农业市场化发展的要求,并能够有效地贯彻落实,以实现农民增收,需要将集体农地收归国有,将农地“承包制”改为“永包制”,赋予农民完整和永久的土地使用权,制定完善的农地制度法律,转变政府职能,逐步建立保障农民利益的组织。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rural land system is the core and foundation of rural economic system. Whether we can properly arrange rural land system or not will affect the development of agriculture and rural economy, as well as the harmonious development of the whole national economy. In agricultural marketization, agriculture comes to an inferior status. So it is urgent to make an innovation.Basing on the theory of property rights and transaction cost of new institutional economics, the paper analyses the property rights of rural land. We also apply the method of comparison to analyze the principal part of market, government’s failure vs. market’s failure.Though analysis, we figure out, under the circumstance of China’s system of village-level land reallocation,?rural land belongs to collective economic organization which has not the qualification of corporation, so it is difficult for farmers to become the genuine masters of rural land. Blurry property rights resulted by ownership of collectively-held land offer opportunities for villager committee and skeleton government to deprive farmer-held land and incomes of land, so a lot of infield resources are impropriated and expropriated, and farmers bear burden heavily, and it is difficult for them to own the rights of land contracted long and steadily. For collectively-held land, inter-local trades of rural land for farmers are restricted. The outcome of analysis also shows that the mode of house-level farm is more efficient than that of agricultural enterprise. In agricultural marketization, the principal part of market should not be government, but be agricultural producer. And there is a government failure in the present process of rural land management.In my opinion, aiming at the problem of rural land system itself and that emerging in functioning process of rural land system, in order to adapt the requirement of agricultural <WP=5>marketization and put the system into effect to increase farmer’s income, government should take back collectively-held land, and take forever-contracted rural land system instead the contracted rural land system, and endow farmer with whole and forever property rights of tenure, as well as establish systemic laws of rural land system. We should also transform government functions and establish organizations to protect farmer’s interest?progressively.更多还原