【作者】 林晗；

【导师】 李先庭；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 土木工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 目前我国冷藏链正面临着全球竞争的严峻形势,而冷藏运输则是冷藏链发展的瓶颈所在。由于保冷运输具有操作方便,成本低廉的特点,在我国有很大的推广空间,然而在保冷运输中因采用蓄冷剂进行保冷,存在着明显的温度分布不均匀、保冷时间短、货物品质评价方法尚不健全等问题,而国内、外在这方面的研究文献和可供实际使用的技术资料尚不多见。因此,本课题以无内热源货物的保冷运输全过程为对象,研究保冷运输各要素对保冷性能的影响,旨在建立较为完善的保冷运输温度管理体系,对于促进我国冷藏运输的发展具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。本文在综合考虑保温箱内各种因素对货物温度值和温度分布影响的基础上,建立了货物平均温度与品质保证率之间的关系,提出能综合反映货物保冷性能的评价方法,为保冷运输性能评价体系的建立提供有益的探索。以保冷性能评价方法为理论基础,建立货物移动过程中各时刻所在地理位置的外温预测模型和使用相变蓄冷剂的箱内货物平均温度预测模型,提出了保冷运输中蓄冷剂最佳用量的预测方法,该方法可以很好的避免在运输过程中因使用蓄冷剂过量引起的浪费和成本过高,或因使用蓄冷剂太少而引起的货物变质的问题,能行之有效的改善保冷运输的经济性。提出一种保冷运输的温度管理方法,包括运输开始前对蓄冷剂使用量的预测,运输过程的全程温度监控,以及运输结束后温度数据的有效反馈和报表的生成等几个阶段,并将其付诸实施。该方法突破了只关注货物运输头尾两地而不注重运输过程的传统管理方法,对于保障运输货物品质、降低易腐货物的损耗量、节约能源、提高运输业主的服务质量均具有十分重要的意义。上述工作的开展,对于完善保冷运输体系、提高货物运输品质、降低能耗都具有明显的理论意义和实用价值,有利于我国保冷运输事业的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s cold storage chain is facing the severe global competition at the present time, and the cooling transportation is the bottleneck of the cold storage chain. As convenient operation and lower cost, the cooling transportation thus has more space to develop. Yet, in the cooling transportation, by using the phase-changed material to keep cool, there are problems such as obvious unevenness of temperature distribution, shorter cooling time, no perfect method of cargo quality assessment, etc. There are not much research documents and technical data for practical use in China and overseas. This thesis takes the whole cooling transportation without inner thermal source as the study subject, analyzes the affection to the cooling effect from all the factors in the cooling transportation. The purpose is to establish the optimizing temperature managing system in the cooling transportation. That would bring the theoretical meaning and practical value to China’s cooling transportation.By considering the affection to the cargo temperature value and the temperature distribution from all the factors inside the cooling container, the thesis try to establish the relations between the cargo’s average temperature and the unevenness of temperature, propose the assessment method that may comprehensively reflect the cargo’s cooling effects, offer useful search for seting up the assessment system of the cooling transportation.Taking the assessment method of the cooling effect as the theoretical base, it had established the outer temperature prediction model of the geographical locations when cargo moving in every time units, and the average temperature prediction model of the cargo inside the phase-changing material container. It raised the prediction method of the optimizing usage amount of the phase-changed material in the cooling transportation. This method may avoid the waste and high cost of the phase-changed material in the cooling transportation, or insufficient using amount of phase-changed material that may cause the cargo rotten and not able to guarantee the cargo’s quality in the limited temperature scope. The effects of the cooling <WP=5>transportation will be economically improved.Finally it conducted a temperature managing method in the cooling transportation, that included the using prediction of the phase-changed material before the transportation, the whole temperature monitoring and controlling in the transportation, the effective feedback of the temperature and preparing the data table after the end of the transportation, and put them into the practical use. This method improved the traditional managing method that only caring on the starting and finishing points, but not the whole transportation process. It has the significance for ensuring the cargo’s quality, lowering the loss of the easy-rotten goods, saving energy and improving the service of the forwarders.The above works will have the obvious theoretical meaning and practical value for perfecting the cooling transportation system, improving the cargo’s quality, lowering the energy consumption, and will benefit the sustainable development of China’s cooling transportation industry.更多还原