【作者】 龚志起；

【导师】 张智慧；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 建筑材料作为构建建筑物的基础,其“与生俱来”的环境影响(即建筑材料物化环境影响)是建筑物生命周期环境影响的一个重要组成部分。论文采用ISO和SETAC(国际环境毒理学和化学学会)提出的生命周期评价方法(LCA),建立了建筑材料的生命周期评价体系。该体系主要考虑建筑材料在物化阶段、使用和维护阶段以及拆除和处理阶段三部分产生的环境影响。其中建筑材料的物化环境状况主要由原材料获取阶段、生产工艺阶段以及运输过程产生的直接环境影响和因使用能源而造成的能源生产所带来的间接环境影响组成。同时在识别建筑材料产生的主要环境影响的基础上,依据丹麦工业产品环境设计(EDIP)提出的生命周期影响评价方法,建立了建筑材料生命周期影响评价的模型。模型界定了建筑材料生命周期的主要环境影响因素,同时介绍了生命周期影响评价的步骤和方法。论文将建筑材料的环境影响定量表示为环境影响负荷和资源耗竭系数两个因子。论文选择水泥、钢材、平板玻璃和PVC管材四种建设领域用量较大的建筑材料作为研究对象,依据建筑材料的生命周期评价体系和评价模型,定量评价了三种建筑材料在生命周期物化阶段的环境影响。清单分析和影响评价的结果表明,1 t水泥、钢材、平板玻璃和PVC管材物化的环境影响负荷分别为0.24、191、1.24和13.0,资源耗竭系数分别为0.032、0.65、0.030和0.030。更多还原

【Abstract】 The embodied environmental profile of building materials is an important component during the life span of building.In this paper, based on the life cycle assessment methodology of ISO and SETAC, the life cycle assessment system of building materials is developed, which mainly includes embodied impact stage, operational stage and disposal stage. As far as embodied impact is concerned, it includes the direct environmental impact stemmed from such processes as extraction, transportation and production of building materials as well as the indirect environmental impact of energy production. By means of the life cycle impact assessment methods of EDIP, it is proposed that the life cycle assessment model of building materials in which the key environmental factors are selected, and the impact assessment process and methods are introduced. In the end, the results are indicated by the environmental impact burden and the resource consuming indicators.In terms of the life cycle assessment system and model, cement, steel, flat glass and PVC, consumed quantitatively in building sector, are selected to analyze and calculate their embodied environmental profile. The results of inventory analysis and impact assessment show that the potential environmental impact burden of cement, steel glass and PVC are 0.24, 194, 1.24, 13 respectively, and that the resource consuming indicator are 0.032, 0.64, 0.030, 0.030 per ton respectively.更多还原