【作者】 方杨光；

【导师】 陆继东；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 热能工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,电力企业的竞争日益加剧,各电厂管理者对机组的运行经济性越来越重视,并展开了大量节能降耗工作。其中锅炉积灰结渣的问题得到了管理者的重视。用吹灰器对受热面进行吹扫是一种相对较为有效且普遍采用的手段。本文首先回顾了国内外火电厂优化运行系统的发展以及吹灰器的使用状况。其次介绍了关于热力系统经济性分析的情况,如:热经济性分析的理论基础、应用对象。最后介绍了吹灰在锅炉机组运行中的必要性,强调应该重视吹灰。锅炉运行过程中,不可避免的会产生各类受热面积灰、结渣,从而降低受热面的传热效果,导致排烟温度升高,使得其危害向后传递。传统吹灰方式是按设定程序定时定量进行吹灰,可能导致频繁吹灰或者不完全的吹灰。本文是从目前传统吹灰方式存在着一些弊端出发,提出一种优化吹灰的方法。以国内300MW机组为对象,确定机组主要运行参数的基准值,对运行过程中主要参数偏离基准值进行实时经济性诊断,计算参数变化对机组煤耗率的影响和经济损失。利用经济性指导吹灰是依靠在线实时监测锅炉主要运行参数,通过等效焓降法得出吹灰前后的排烟损失的减少所带来的经济效益,使之与受热面冲蚀所引起的费用进行比较,进行不定期吹灰的方法。用经济性分析确定吹灰,克服了传统吹灰固有的弊病,可以进一步提高锅炉效率,节约煤耗。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, when the competition of the power enterprises are aggravated day by day, each of power plants’ administrators is paid attention to more and more economically, and it works on which has launched saving energy and reduce the loss in. The question of ash deposition received administrator’s attention. It is a kind of comparatively effective means that blows with sootblowing equipment.This paper has reviewed the domestic and international developments of optimizing system of power plants and the state of using of the sootblowing machine at first. Then introduces the situation of economic of thermodynamic system, such as theoretical foundation of thermo-economic, and applied objects. Finally introduces the necessity of the units, emphasize that should pay attention to sootblowing.As according to units, it is unavoidable that will produce ash and soot on the heat exchange surfaces, reduce effect of heat transferred, make temperature of exhaust smoke rise and make their endanger and transmit backward by. Tradition blowing ways according to settling procedure go on and blow soot at regular time and quantity, lead to the fact and blow soot or complete blowing soot frequently. Whether at present tradition blowing in this paper ways have some drawbacks set out, proposes that a kind of method of optimized sootblowing. Regard domestic 300 MW units as the object, determine that the units of the datum value of the main parameter. If it deviates from datum value and carries on real-time economic diagnosis in operation calculate that the parameter changes the impact on rate of coal consumption of units and losses. Utilize economic to suggest and blow soot to depend on and monitor boiler run parameters mainly in real time online, benefit from fall temperature of exhaust smoke are as follows through equivalent enthalpy different, compared expenses from heating surface maintain expense, carry on irregular methods to blow. With economic to analyse and determine when to blow, overcome traditional sootblowing intrinsic disadvantages, it can improve boiler efficiency further , economize the coal consumption.更多还原