【作者】 徐杰彦；

【导师】 吕剑虹；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 动力机械及工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以火电机组节能增效为主题开展研究,主要内容分为两部分:一是研究火电机组的运行优化,即研究机组运行的优化方法和运行模式,以便指导现场运行;二是研究以水环真空泵代替射水抽气器和以汽动给水泵代替电动给水泵为代表的辅机节能改造。对于机组的优化运行,论文阐述了火电机组滑压运行方式的概念,并详细分析了机组滑压运行方式的特点和经济性。同时,本文针对典型的 125MW 和 200WM机组进行了完整的优化运行试验,得出了机组在变工况条件下的最佳运行方式和定滑压转换曲线,明确了“部分阀门全开” 的滑压运行方式要优于“所有阀门全开”的滑压运行方式。论文介绍了所开发的火电机组热力性能分析计算软件,详细阐述了软件的功能和特点。由于大型火电机组热力系统极其复杂,且不同类型的机组系统差别较大。论文在研制计算软件时充分考虑这些因素,保证从数学模型上实现通用性和适用性,采用综合修正曲线迭代法解决低压缸相对内效率计算困难的问题。所开发的软件具有功能完备、容错性和可移植性好、用户界面友好等特点,为计算机组优化运行时的热经济性指标提供了有力的工具。论文对机组的凝汽器真空抽气器设备开展分析研究,指出抽气器设备节能改造的方向。通过大量的调研、理论计算和试验研究,结合机组的实际真空状况和运行水平,提出了凝汽器真空抽气系统的改造优化设计方案,满足了机组安全、稳定、经济运行的需要。论文进一步对改造完成后的抽气系统进行了性能试验研究,这对其它厂真空抽气系统的改造具有很好的指导、借鉴作用。论文还利用有效能量分析法对国产 200MW 机组电动给水泵改为汽动给水泵进行研究,对实施改造后的给水系统进行了完整的性能试验,通过试验计算改造前后的机组综合成本,确认了采用汽动给水泵后的机组经济性好于改造前的系统,也提高了给水泵的运行可靠性和灵活性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research of this article is aimed at energy conservation of the power plantunits. The main content consists two parts: the first is the research of the optimizationoperation of units, which is researching the methods and mode of the unit operation todirect the operation in site. The second is the reformation of energy conservation, inthis part, water ring type vacuum pump replacing water-jet air ejector and steamdriven feed water pump replacing motor driven feed water pump are taken asrepresentative. In the first part, the concept of the sliding pressure operation method isformulized, and the special features and economical efficiency are analyzed in detail.Meanwhile, aimed at the typical 125MW and 200MW units, optimizationexperimental investigation was entirely carried through. The optimization method andcurve of the constant pressure and sliding pressure conversion in maneuveringcondition are educed after the experiment. The conclusion that the open part of thegoverning valve in sliding operation method is better than the open all the governingvalve in sliding operation method is arrived. The article recommends the software of analyze and calculation of thermalperformance for power plant units. For the complexity of the thermodynamic systemof large units and the difference between all kinds of them, in the development of thesoftware, the article took these into account sufficiently so as to ensure the versatilityand the applicability of the mathematical model. Correction curve iteration methodwas taken to solve the difficulty of calculating the relative inner efficiency oflow-pressure cylinder. The developed software has the character of perfect function,strong fault-tolerance, good portability and friendly interface. It is a powerful tool tocalculate the parameters of heat economy for optimal operation of unit. The article analyzes the equipments of the vacuum air-ejector of condenser andthe way of reformation of energy conservation of it. After a lot of research and study,theoretical arithmetic and experimental investigation, considering the actual conditionof unit vacuum and operation level, the article brings forward the reformation optimaldesign scheme of vacuum air-eject of condenser system to meet the safety, stabilityand economical demand of operation. The performance experimental investigation ofthe reformed air-eject system is a good direction and reference for other plants. At last, the article use available energy analysis method to research the steamdriven feed water pump replacing motor driven feed water pump of 200MW unit. Theintegral performance test was taken after the reform. The unit’s economical efficiencyafter reform was better than un-reformed old system through calculating the aggregatecost of the unit by teat data. Otherwise, the reform also improves the reliability andflexibility of the feed water pump.更多还原