【作者】 江治宇；

【导师】 李月健；

【作者基本信息】 福州大学 ， 岩土工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 普通方形建筑墙体砌块(砖)由于其形状方正,水平缝和竖向缝都内外通透,砌筑时可能由于砂浆不饱满而使其渗水。本文针对福州科能公司研制的一种异型空心砖,阐述了该砖外形所具有的不同特点,论证了当该空心砌块在砌筑成砌体时能自防渗的特性。为了证实该砖的防水优越性,本文分别对异型砖砌体、粘土方形砖砌体进行了同等条件下的雨水渗透试验,结果发现异型空心砖砌体的雨水渗透性能大大好于粘土多孔砖砌体。其次为了论证异型空心砖应用到建筑外墙中的可靠性,本文对由该砖砌成的砌体做了基本力学性能试验,共砌筑了九组试验模型,六组用于抗弯,三组用于抗剪。然后将抗弯抗剪结果与普通砌块砌体结果对照。得出了异型空心砖砌体抗弯抗剪性能完全好于普通空心砖砌体的结论。异型砌块砌体自防水的关键在于砌筑过程中不会形成通缝,但是由其它原因如温度荷载、地基沉降导致的裂缝,就很有可能会出现里外贯通的缝隙,形成渗漏通道。因此需要研究裂缝在异型砖砌体中的发展规律,本文首先分析普通砌块砌体的开裂机理,在此基础上对由温变、收缩、地基沉降导致的砌体应力进行了理论计算,并将计算结果用实例论证。其次通过建立有限元模型,通过模型计算分析,得到了主应力分布图,从而知道了在该种荷载下的裂缝产生发展规律,并将这一规律与工程中相应受力条件下的裂缝开展规律对照,发现本文所作有限元能很好地在普通砖上模拟实际中的裂缝开展。在这一结论上再建立了六面异型砌块砌体有限元模型,三面用于不同地基沉降条件下,三面用于在不同温度荷载条件下进行有限元分析。通过不同荷载值对比,得出应力与荷载值的关系,从而为在工程设计中通过控制沉降或温变大小,来防止该异型砖墙体裂缝的产生和开展提供理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Horizontal and vertical mortar joint running due outside and due inside whenbuilding with square brick,leakage may probably occur because of mortar unsaturated.the author aim at a profiling hollow brick developed by Fuzhou Ke –Leng company,explain its different shape which can prevent leakage when it is used to build a wall。In order to approve its advantage of leakage preventability,we make an experimentwith the profiling hollow brick wall and common hollow brick wall respectively inthis paper。As a result the author find that the leakage preventability capability ofprofiling hollow brick wall is greatly better then the common wall. We also do an experiment to estimate the reliability of applying the profilingbrick to practice. In this paper we experiment with nine specimens,six for bendingresistance;three for shearing resistance,then we compare the test result with the dataof the ordinary wall,and we find the conclusion that the bending and shearingresistance ability of profiling brick wall is better then the ordinary wall. The key to the reason why the profiling brick wall is water proofing is thatrun-through crack cannot be formed during the course of the building. But otherreasons such as the temperature load、foundation settlement、can usually lead torun-through crack,which will be the channels of leakage. In order to study thedevelopment rule of the crack appear in the profiling brick wall we firstly analyses themechanism of crack appear in ordinary wall and calculate the stress in the wall whenit is under the situation of temperature changes、shrink、foundation settlement,theresult will be testified by three examples. Secondly we setup element model,whichwill be used to analysis the crack development rule of ordinary wall under variousconditions,the author`s summarizes is approximately coincide with the engineeringpractice. Based on this conclusion the author setup six profiling brick wall model ,threemodel used to analysis stress under deformation variations caused by changes of<WP=5>temperature and three caused by different settlements. Through different load valuethe author get the relation between the load and the principle stress. By the conclusionwe can prevent crack by control big or small of temperature changes or settlements.更多还原