【作者】 杨波；

【导师】 李平；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 民商法学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 现代市场经济在某种程度上可称之为“公司经济”。公司的消亡如同公司的诞生一样对经济生活产生着重要的影响。公司终止制度不仅关系到公司能否合法退出竞争市场，也关系到众多利害关系人的利益得失，以及整个市场秩序的健康运行。由于受“重设立轻终止”的传统意识影响，在公司终止领域，存在不少问题，值得我们在理论、制度层面进行深刻的批判和反思。由于该领域涉及广泛，本文着重研究有限责任公司的自愿终止制度。 本文首先借助司法判例中的困惑，以引起人们对有限责任公司自愿终止的混乱局面关注。 然后从公司自愿终止制度的一般理论入手，对传统理论及其法理基础进行检讨和修正。厘清了终止和解散这两个概念的区别，以及其他一些理论上的误读。并认为该制度的法理基础除了秉持有限责任理论、意思自治理论和资本多数决理论之外，这些理论的固有缺陷还需要由债权人保护理论、公司人格否认理论、少数股东救济理论、股东期待权理论和社会责任理论等来限制和平衡。指出理论上认知的偏差和价值引导上的失衡，是导致公司终止环节在实践上混乱的根本原因。 接着，在比较国外相关公司立法的基础上，阐述了我国有限责任公司自愿终止的实体法规范和程序法规范的缺陷和不足，主要从解散原因、解散程序、清算程序以及民事责任几个方面，指出与市场经济发达国家相比，我国有限责任公司的相关法律制度很不完善。 在深入分析了我国公司立法在有限责任公司自愿终止制度上存在的问题之后，指出法律设计上的不足，是导致公司终止环节在实践上混乱的直接原因。进而提出了对自愿解散原因出现殊态的救济机制、解散登记制度、清算主体运行制度、特别清算制度、欺诈交易撤销制度、公司继续制度以及民事责任制度等进行增设或改进的立法构想。关键词:有限责任公司自愿终止制度理论反思法律改进更多还原

【Abstract】 The modern market-oriented economy may be called the Corporation Economy to a certain extend. The dying-out of corporations would cast the same important influence on economy as the establishment of corporations would. The termination of corporations is closely related to their withdrawal from competitive markets legally or illegally, to the beneficial gains and losses of various interested persons and to maintaining normal economic order. Since, traditionally speaking, more concern has been with establishment of corporations than with termination of corporations, there are many problems in the system related to termination of corporations so that it is worth profoundly criticizing and introspecting relevant theory and rules. In this thesis, only the system related to voluntary discontinuance of close corporations with limited liabilities.Firstly, a dilemma out of a case is quoted so as to make people pay more attention to the chaos of voluntary discontinuance of close corporations with limited liabilities.Then, the basic theories of voluntary discontinuance, such as traditional theory and its rationale, are examined and revised, which results in clearer differences between the concept of termination and thatof winding-up and correcting some other misleading theories. It holds that the rationale of voluntary discontinuance is the theories of limited liabilities, self-decision-making and majority voting policy. However, there are some inevitable defects in these theories that need remedying and consummating by other theories such as creditors protection, piercing the veil of corporations, remedies for minority shareholders, reversionary interest shareholders and social liabilities of corporations. The theoretic cognition deviation and the imbalance resulting from different values are the basic reasons for the chaos in the termination stage of corporations in practices.After examining the above basic theories, defects in the substantive and procedural rules on voluntary discontinuance of close corporations with limited liabilities in China are elaborated from angles of causes and procedure of winding up, liquidation procedure and liabilities by comparing with other countries’ relevant rules. The conclusion is made that the relevant system of China is still far from all-round comparing with countries with developed market-oriented economy.Last, it is held that legislation defects directly result in the chaos in the termination stage of corporations in practices. Some legislative designations are put forward in this thesis including addition and revision of remedies for abnormal voluntary discontinuance causes, winding-up registration, subject of liquidation, special liquidation, rescinding fraudulent transactions, going-concern of corporations and all relevant civil liabilities.更多还原