【作者】 杨珂；

【导师】 马敏；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2004， 硕士

【副题名】傅兰雅个案研究

【摘要】 自从中国沦为半殖民地半封建社会以后，中国社会的发展虽然路经多歧，千回百折，但总方向是与世界日益接轨，向着近代化的目标艰难而又不可阻挡地前进。这其中众多引领推动西学东渐的来华西方人士所起作用不可忽视。近一、二十年来，西方科学文化在晚清的传播及影响等问题，越来越受到中外学者们的关注，也相应出了很多关于西学东渐人物的研究。本文在前人研究的基础上，择选傅兰雅(John Fryer, 1839-1928)作为本文研究对象。因为傅兰雅的许多成就，尤其是他传播西学的态度及传播西学的成果对于近代中国近代化所产生的影响，与近代寓华其他西方人士相比是罕见的。 本论文除了绪论与结语外，整个框架分为六章。 第一章是接触，文章对鸦片战争后联翩东来的众多传教士与傅兰雅对中国——这个处于变局中的国家——的看法作了分析比较，构筑出一个比较可信的、能够反应当时中国基本情况的图景，从而引出导致傅兰雅观念产生转变的原因。 第二章是冲突，着重讲述傅兰雅从“传教”到致力于宣传西学的转变过程及原因，进而对傅兰雅到底是否为一传教士这一问题提出笔者的见解。 第三、四、五章是调适，分别从翻译西书、创办《格致汇编》、参与创办格致书院这三方面对傅兰雅思想转变后的实践、特色及对中国社会的影响进行了说明与分析。 第三章根据多种原始文献考察傅兰雅在江南制造局翻译馆——中国近代洋务运动时期最大的科技著作翻译机构——初创和发展中的重要作用，并对傅兰雅本人的主要译著在近代中国科技发展中的作用和地位予以评价。 第四章对傅兰雅创办中国第一份科技期刊《格致汇编》的缘由、内容与特色及影响这几方面加以说明，凸现傅兰雅对近代中国的科学启蒙作用。 第五章通过对格致书院课艺和课艺参与人的分析，言明傅兰雅在教育方面对中国教育事业发展的贡献。 第六章立足于傅兰雅思想的第二次转变：从西学传播者到文化使者。由澎‘贞一卜学位i仑之人节A凡’11了R’只TI!F从I凡于种种客观原因，以及自身的经历及体会，傅兰雅在晚年离开了中国，立足海外，致力于促进东西方文化交流的工作。 笔者基于前人的研究成果，在以上六个章节中，主要对以下三方面研究作了新的尝试:第一，侧重从思想分析的角度切入，在宏观的基础上，以当时的其他在华西方人士作为参照，分析当时的政治、经济、文化、制度等整体环境对于傅兰雅思想的两次转变和实践活动的影响;第二，以傅兰雅思想的两次转变:早期从“传教”到致力于宣传西学的转变;晚年产生从前期积极从事西学传播活动到晚年离开他为之富强奋斗一生的中国的思想转变，作为解读这一西学传播大师人生的线索:第三，通过傅兰雅的转变探究西方科技传播未能使中国富强的原因，进而分析近代中国积贫积弱的深层缘由。关键词:西学东渐:傅兰雅:传教士:西方科技与文化:科学启蒙;夕更多还原

【Abstract】 After China became the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, the development of Chinese society has experienced tremendous difficulties. But generally speaking, it overcomes all difficulties and goes towards modern time irresistibly. Over the past 20 years, the spread and the influence of western science and culture in the Late Qing Dynasty has received more and more Chinese and foreign scholars’ concern. This thesis selects John Fryer (1839-1928) as the research object on the basis of other scholars’ study. Because John Fryer’s numerous achievements, especially his attitude and achievements on propagating western science and technology, have unique characteristics. It also has greater influence on modern China’s modernization, compared with other western personages that reside in China at that time.Except that introduction and conclusion, the whole frame of this thesis is divided into six chapters.Chapter one is contact, through analyzing and comparing other missionaries and John Fryer’s viewpoints on China, this thesis unfold some basic circumstances of China after the Opium War (1840-1842). Then draw the cause why John Fryer changed his mind.Chapter two is conflict, focuses on the transition course and reason of John Fryer from spread Christianity to propagate western science and technology. Finally, this thesis puts forward the author’s opinion for whether John Fryer is a missionary or not.Chapter three organized many kinds of primitive documents to evaluate John Fryer’s important function in Kiangnan Arsenal. It also appraised the status and role of John Fryer’s main translations in modern Chinese science and technology development.Through illustrating the cause, content, characteristic and influence of Ko-chih hui-pien, the first scientific and technological periodical in china, which is set up by John Fryer, Chapter four show especially John Fryer’s open and enlighten function in science for modern china.Chapter five pays attention to the teaching content and participant of The Shanghai Polytechnic Institute. From this angle the thesis demonstrates John Fryer’s contributions in educational undertaking of China.Owing to some objective causes, combined with own experiences and realizations, John Fryer has his second change: from a person who propagate western science and technology to a cultural envoy. Chapter six mainly demonstrates the works that John Fryer had done to promote the cultural exchange between china and the west.In conclusion, this thesis made new attempts in the following three aspects. Firstly, lay particular emphasis on the analysis of John Fryer’s mind transform. Through analyzing the political, economical and cultural circumstances at that time, explore why John Fryer changed his mind. Secondly, use the two change course in the life of John Fryer as the plots to understand this great man. Thirdly, through the research on John Fryer, inquire thoroughly why western science and technology can not make china a strong country, then probe into the reason why Modern china is so weak and so poor in modern times.更多还原