【作者】 丁秀兰；

【导师】 翟虎渠；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 水稻条纹叶枯病（Ricestripe Disease）是由水稻条纹病毒（Ricestripe Virus，RSV）引起的水稻病毒病，是通过灰飞虱刺吸以持久方式传播，汁液、土壤及种子均不能传毒。它最早于1903年在日本发现，朝鲜、前苏联也有分布（洪剑鸣等，1984）。我国最早发生于1964年，70年代较轻，80年代中后期上升，近年来在江苏等地发生尤为严重，不少受害地区出现绝收。RSV可侵染水稻、小麦、大麦、燕麦等禾本科植物和一些禾本科杂草。近年来，耕作方式以麦稻轮作为主，这为介体灰飞虱提供了极好的生存环境；同时，由于我国水稻种植区内大部分地区的主栽品种都是中感或高感品种。因此，该病发生极为严重并呈逐年加重的趋势。 一直以来，生产上都以防治麦田的越冬代及第一代灰飞虱的措施来控制RSV病毒的传播，也取得了一些防效。但是防治后的大量残余虫仍然迁飞至秧田，致使秧苗带毒导致发病。同时，化学药剂的使用不可避免地对自然环境造成污染和破坏。因此，控制水稻条纹叶枯病的发生最经济有效的方法是寻找抗病基因、培育抗病品种。 本研究利用两个永久性群体对水稻条纹叶枯病抗性基因位点进行了检测定位，有关研究结果如下： 1．利用81个株系组成的Kinmaze（japonica）／DV85（indica）重组自交系（recombinant inbred lines，RIL）群体，采用苗期强迫饲毒的鉴定方法，以病情指数作为条纹叶枯病的表型值，鉴定亲本及81个RILs对RSV的抗性。利用QTLCartographer软件，对水稻条纹叶枯病抗性基因进行检测分析。检测到3个QTL位点：qStv1、qStv7、qStv11分别位于第1、7、11染色体上，各QTL的LOD值为2.44^-3.83，贡献率为19.8％-30.9％。根据抗性基因加性效应的方向，在qStv7、qStv11位点上，亲本DV85存在抗条纹叶枯病增效基因，Kinmaze具有抗条纹叶枯病减效基因，而qStv1位点抗性基因效应来源正好相反。 2．对由Nipponbare／Kasalath／／Nipponbare繁衍的98个家系组成的回交重组自交系（Backcross Inbred lines，BIL）作图群体（BC₁F₉），分别采用苗期强迫饲毒和田间重病区自然接种的方法进行了水稻条纹叶枯病抗性基因位点的检测和遗传效应分析。并利用Windows QTL Cartographer分析软件，通过复合区间作图分摘要析。利用强迫饲毒法在第7、11染色体上分别检测到一个QTL位点，LOD值分别为2.77、8.58，贡献率分别为8.96%、31.79%.其中，第11染色体上的QTL位点在田间接种时也检测到. 在两个群体中都检测到一个位于第n染色体上相同.位置的位点，推测为相同基因.并且该位点LOD值较高，为一个主效的抗性基因。 这些杭条纹叶枯病基因及其相应标记可望在杭条纹叶枯病分子标记辅助选择育种中加以应用.关键词:水稻;条纹叶枯病;抗性基因;QTL分析更多还原

【Abstract】 Rice stripe disease transmitted by small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus Fall.) is one of the most serious viral diseases in East Asia. The virus is readily transmitted to test plants by the planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus, but is difficult to transmit mechanically. The virus passes through a high percentage of eggs to progeny, about 90% in L. striatellus. RSV occurs naturally in rice, maize, wheat, oat, foxtail millet and wild grasses The virus is reported to infect 37 species of the family Gramineae.The disease was first recognized in the early 1900s in central Japan, where severe damage was caused to rice crops. Since the 1950s the extension of early planting favoured the occurrence of the disease in Japan and during the 1960s and 1970s about 200,000 ha of rice was affected each year. In Korea, the disease affected 40% of rice hills in 1965. Stripe disease incidence in Taiwan was most severe around 1970: 1045 ha were affected in 1973. Stripe disease is broadly prevalent all over the rice-growing areas in China and the ex-USSR.The disease is severely epidemic in most rice growing areas where the main cultivars are susceptible or moderately susceptible to rice stripe virus.In this research, a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) mapping population including 81 lines derived from a cross of Kinmaze (japonica)/DV85(indica) by the single seed descent method was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring resistance to rice stripe virus. The reaction of the two parents and 81 RILs to rice stripe virus were investigated by inoculating seedlings with viruliferous small brown planthopper insects, and scored by the disease rate index. The quantitative trait loci for rice stripe disease resistance were analyzed by QTL Cartographer software. Three QTL controlling RSV resistance were detected on chromosomes 1,7 and 11, respectively. Individual QTL accounted for 19.8% ~ 30.9% of the phenotypic variance in the RILs population. The direction of the additive gene effects at two loci qStv7 and qStvll coincided with that predicted by phenotypes of the parents. At these two loci, the DV85 alleles increased the resistance to RSV, while at qStvll, the Kinmaze alleles increased the resistance to RSV.Another mapping population, the backcross recombinant inbred lines(BIL) derives from a cross of Nipponbare/Kasalath//Nipponbare by the single seed descent method, was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring resistance to rice stripe virus, too. This population was inoculated by both manual method in lab and natural method in field. By manual inoculation, two QTL controlling RSV resistance were detected on chromosomes 7 and 11, respectively. By natural inoculation, one QTL was detected on the same location as above on chromosome 11. The results indicated that this QTL on chromosome 11 was important to control the resistance to RSV.These QTL should be useful in breeding rice varieties resistant to RSV in marker-assisted selection (MAS) program.更多还原