企业能力体系及其对企业竞争优势的影响——基于浙江省房地产开发企业的实证研究

【作者】 曲波；

【导师】 贾生华；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 关于企业竞争优势的来源有两种解释，一种是以波特为代表的产业分析框架，另外一种是近年来在战略管理领域新兴的企业能力理论。前者认为产业结构决定了企业的竞争优势，而后者则认为企业能力才是竞争优势的根源。自1990年Plahalad和Hamel提出核心能力概念以后，企业能力成为理论界和实践界炙手可热的话题，其理论观点已被普遍接受。但是已有文献对企业能力与企业竞争优势关系的实证研究较少，且主要是对企业能力与企业财务绩效关系的研究，在企业能力体系构建方面也不够全面。本文在文献研究的基础上，选择浙江省房地产业作为研究背景，试图找出全面衡量房地产开发企业竞争优势的评价指标，构建有针对性的房地产开发企业的能力体系，进而对企业能力与企业竞争优势间的关系进行实证研究。 为此，本文采用了规范分析与实证研究相结合的方法，采集了大规模的实证资料。依据访谈结果及42份调查问卷，论文提出了包含五个指标的房地产开发企业竞争力评价模型，以竞争力指数对105家企业进行了竞争优势的定量衡量。论文还构建了房地产开发企业的能力体系，该体系包括7个一级指标和35个二级指标。通过对105家房地产开发企业的问卷调查和部分企业的访谈，应用统计分析方法得到房地产开发企业能力体系的11个构成因子。然后建立了企业竞争力与企业能力之间的多元线性回归方程。结果表明，企业能力确实是企业竞争优势的重要影响因素，而且不同的企业能力对竞争优势的影响程度不同。按照影响程度的差异可以将11项能力分为关键能力、次关键能力、一般能力和制约能力。这种区分不仅为解释浙江省房地产开发企业的整体发展态势提供了新的视角，也为企业提供了一种新的战略规划思路。 论文的创新点在于三个方面：第一，本文将研究的范围界定在房地产业，因此能够充分考虑房地产产业和企业的特点，构建了一个有行业针对性的企业能力体系，并通过统计分析的方法证实能力体系构建的有效性。第二，本文运用实证研究，根据企业能力对企业竞争优势影响程度的大小，将房地产开发企业能力体系分为四个层次。第三，在第六章的规范分析中结合了产业结构分析框架的思想，既体现了本文的一个基本观点，即产业结构分析理论与企业能力理论并不是根本对立的，也对这两种理论的结合运用方面做了点有益的尝试。 由于研究经验、能力和时间等方面的限制，本文还存在一些不足。考虑到研究样本集中在浙江省，且现阶段浙江省房地产市场发展具有一定的特殊性，论文的结论可能难以对其它地区或其它产业作出合理解释。具体企业应用论文结论探索企业能力培育途径时也还需要结合企业实际进行进一步的针对性研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are two perspectives to interpret the source of competitive advantage: Industry analysis framework and competence perspective. The former treats industry structure as the source of competitive advantage, but the latter insists it is competence. Especially after Plahalad and Hamel put forward the "the core competence" concept in 1990, competence perspective causes great attention from both academia and practitioner, and its viewpoints are generally accepted. But in competence perspective there exist just a few empirical literatures about the relationship of competence and competitive advantage. What’s more, they are mostly the proof of the relationship between competence and financial performance and they are not comprehensive and systematic enough in competence system. On the basis of literature reading, the paper chooses the real estate enterprises as research samples, attempts to build a relevant competence system, find some more overall indexes to quantitatively evaluate the competitive advantage and hence empirically study the relationship between competence and advantage.For research purposes mentioned before, the thesis has been developed by the combination use of normative analysis and empirical analysis, and massive empirical materials are gathered. According to interview results and 42 questionnaires, a model is set up to assess competitive advantage, which includes five indexes. Subsequently a competence system is conceived, it consists of 7 first-level indexes and 35 second-level indexes. Factor analysis of questionnaires from 105 real estate enterprises gets 11 factors composed the competence system in statistics. Then a multi-liner regression model is constructed between competitive advantage and competence system. The regression result shows that competences are indeed the main factor of competitive advantage. According to their different effect on competitive advantage, they are divided into four levels: key competence, hypo-key competence, common competence and negative competence. The division provides a new visual angle to interpret the whole developing tendency of Zhejiang real estate industry, and it is also a new train of thoughts for corporation strategic management. The main innovations of the thesis concentrate on 3 aspects: First of all, while the real estate industry is the research object, both the characters of the industry and the firms can be taken into account to build a relevant competence system. Second, by using empirical analysis approach, competence system is divided into four levels. Third, industry analysis framework and competence perspective are combined in chapter 6. Not only does it indicate that two perspectives are not entirely contradictory, but also it is a meaningful attempt in combining the two perspectives.Being enslaved to research experience, capability and time, there are still some shortcomings. Considering that the samples are all in Zhejiang Province, and the developing history of Zhejiang real estate industry is much special, the research conclusions can’t be spread nationally. When using thesis conclusions to explore enterprise competence cultivating tactic, the concrete conditions must be considered.更多还原