【作者】 刘志宏；

【导师】 刘红倩；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 工商管理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国社会主义市场经济逐渐走向成熟，特别是我国加入WTO、出台了振兴东北老工业基地的优惠政策，吉林省石油化工行业所面临的市场形势发生了巨大变化，机遇与挑战并存。如何抓住机遇，迎接挑战，是一个亟待研究解决的问题。2003年，吉林省石油化学工业总产值达到410亿元，占吉林省GDP的16.29%，是吉林省支柱产业之一。吉林省有一大批技术实力雄厚的大专院校、研究院所，有吉林油田等充足的原料来源，有11万人职业技能熟练的在职员工，市场经济条件日益成熟等，发展条件可谓得天独厚。市场经济中，竞争的主体是产品竞争，产品是企业生存和发展的核心，产品竞争力决定了企业在市场经济中的地位。经典的波特竞争理论指出，竞争市场中有五种竞争力量并存。各种竞争力量最终都体现在产品的竞争力方面。所以说，产品竞争力是各种竞争力的基础与核心，当然，企业环境等因素对产品竞争力的形成会有诸多影响，我们就是要利用这些影响来培育产品竞争力，使产品处于市场竞争的优势地位。产品竞争力的形成过程是一个动态过程。根据企业竞争力的形成过程理论及吉林省石油化工产品现状，作者设计了一个函数，以此描述吉林省石油化工产品竞争力的形成过程。Cp=f(Po,Pr,H,E)表示吉林省石油化工产品竞争力，其中：Po代表政府政策Pr代表产品因素（价格、质量、产量）H人力资源管理E代表企业因素（地理位置、研发能力、总资产及资产管理）该函数表明，对石油化工产品竞争力起主要影响作用的因素有政府政<WP=53>策、产品因素、人力资源管理、企业因素等。其主要内涵为：政府政策对石油化工产品竞争力起决定作用；产品因素是石油化工产品竞争力的主要表现形式；人力资源管理水平是石油化工产品竞争力可持续增长的关键因素；企业因素是石油化工产品竞争力的基础。通过数据分析可以看出，吉林省石油化工行业的资产总额、销售收入、利润及年人均产值、利润等经济指标在全国均处于较低水平，说明资产运营效率比全国水平低。吉林省石油化工产品目前主要存在以下问题：1．原油加工及深加工能力不足，满足不了化工装置的原料需求，制约着经济总量的提高。吉林省总炼油能力为850万吨/年，有5个炼油厂，但只有吉林石化股份公司是炼化一体化企业，能为化工提供原料的装置能力仅为550万吨/年，应加大其炼油能力。目前吉林石化股份分公司原油二次加工能力为370万吨/年，其中催化裂化装置210万吨/年，蜡油加氢裂化能力60万吨/年，延迟焦化装置能力100万吨/年，应对催化裂化、加氢裂化装置进行进一步优化，提高乙烯、芳烃原料的供给能力，提高吉林石油化工产品的竞争力。2．乙烯装置规模小，不能满足下游装置的原料需求。据业内权威机构评价，当代乙烯装置规模达到60万吨/年以上时才具有竞争力，乙烯装置规模大型化已成为当今石油化工行业的主流趋势。吉林石化股份分公司目前的两套乙烯的装置能力之和为53万吨/年，不能满足下游装置的原料需求，其下一步的丙烯腈扩能改造、高碳醇装置转产，乙烯及丙烯的年需求量均要增加10余万吨，因此对乙烯装置扩能改造，提升其生产规模、技术水平等已势在必行3．合成材料规模小。吉林石化股份分公司的ABS、聚乙烯、乙丙橡胶、丁苯/丁腈橡胶等装置在单套规模和技术装备水平方面，处于国内领<WP=54>先地位，但是与国内同类企业如上海石油化工、燕山石油化工及境外大企业如台湾奇美公司、美国杜邦公司等相比，明显存在整体装置规模小，产品品种少，产品差异化低，尤其是高附加值及专用化学品少等，极大地影响了企业盈利能力，影响企业产品竞争力的提升。4．部分有自有知识产权的产品规模小。如MDI级苯胺，拥有多项核心技术的自主知识产权，市场稳定，赢利能力强；但与国内大公司相比，存在生产能力小等问题，极大地影响了该产品的竞争力。应利用吉林石化股份分公司有充足的氢气、浓硝酸等原料优势，扩大生产能力，提高产品市场占有率，提高产品竞争力。以上问题产生的原因主要包括：规模结构不合理、产品品种分布不合理、研发能力及投入不足、体制问题等。针对吉林省石油化工行业目前形势，作者提出发展吉林省石油化工产业的对策如下：1．改善用人机制，进行现代化的人力资源管理，是吉林省石油化工行业改制的重中之重。当代成功的企业家都十分重视企业经营中人的因素，认为人才是企业经营获得成功的决定性因素。吉林省石油化工行业在40余年的发展过程中培育了大批人才，也向全国各地输送了2万多名各技术岗位的专家，曾经是中国石油化工工业人才的摇篮。目前吉林省正处于大发展时期，应抓住机遇，通过建立人才竞争机制来选拔人才，通过给人才以施展才华的平台、提高人才待遇等方式来吸引人才、留住人才，建立激励机制来激发其积极性，提高绩效，提高企业运行效率，降低成本，提升吉林省石油化工产品竞争力。2．合理利用国家振兴东北老工业基地的优惠政策。国家鼓励炼油化工一体化企业的发展，应加大炼油装置中为化工提供原料的装置能力，提高吨原油的利润率。同时还可以减小大量成品油外运的压力。 <WP=55>3．加大研发、技改力度，利用吉林省科研能?更多还原

【Abstract】 After entering into WTO and favorable policies to the old industries of Northeast issued by the Government, the situations the Jilin province petrochemical industry faced have been changed much. How to hold the chances and face the challenge is an urgent problem to research.The production value of Jilin petrochemical industry in 2003 is 41 billion, 16.29% of GDP of Jilin Province, and is the backbone of it. There are many Universities and Institutes, rich raw materials, 110 thousand skillful workers in Jilin Province, so the development conditions of Jilin petrochemical industry are rarely good.In marketing economy, the main body is the product competition. The product is the core of the development of an enterprise. Classic competition theory of Ports pointed out that there are five forces in the competitive market. All of them can be expressed as the product competition. In one words the product competitiveness is the base and core of the other kinds of competition. Sure there are many factors like enterprise environment will affect the cultivation of the product competitiveness, and we also can utilize the factors to promote the competitiveness of the product and make the products superiority position in the market.The formation of the product competitiveness is a dynamic <WP=57>process. According to the theory of the formation of the product competition and the situation of Jilin province petrochemical industry, author design a function to describe the formation of product competitiveness of Jilin province petrochemical industry.Cp=f(Po,Pr,H,E), In which Cp means the product competitiveness of Jilin province petrochemical industry, while Po means the Government Policies, Pr means the product factors, H means the Human resources management, and E means the enterprise factors.The meaning of the function is that the government policy contribute the determinate influence to the Jilin province petrochemical product competitiveness, and product factors is the main representation form, and human resource management level is the key factors to petrochemical product competitiveness development continually, the enterprise factor is the basement .According to the result of analysis of the data, we can see that the level of Jilin province economy’s condition is lower than the even of the State, this means that the efficiency of the capital of Jilin province petrochemical product is not very good.Main problem of Jilin province petrochemical product are as follows:a. The oil refining capacity and oil deeper processing capacity is not enough, which can not meet the needs of following chemical devices, this restrict the increase of general amount of the economy. <WP=58>The whole refining capacity of Jilin province is 8.5 million ton per year, but only JCIC have both oil refining and chemical device, the others can only refine the oil. At the present, the cracking catalyzed capacity of JCIC is 2.1 million ton per year, wax hydrogenate cracking capacity is 0.6 million ton per year. The capacity should be expanded to meet the needs of ethylene and aromatics reformer device, the mission is to promote the Jilin province petrochemical product competitiveness.b. The capacity of ethylene device is too small. The economic scale of ethylene is 0.6 million ton per year, according to the authorities. The total ethylene capacity of JCIC is 0.53 million ton per year and can not meet the needs of magnification of chemical devices, like production broaden of higher alcohols and acrylonitrile next. It is imperative under the situation that the capacity of ethylene device should be enlarged.c. The polymer scale is not enough. The technique level of ABS, polyethylene, ethyl-propyl rubber and butyl-phenyl is superior to other domestic companies, but is interior to Dupont Co. etc. The products of Jilin province is smaller scale, less product variety and lower deferentiation , but short of high value add product and special chemicals especially. This extremely reduced the payoff power of the enterprise and the promo更多还原