【作者】 张楠；

【导师】 徐传谌；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 国民经济学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 国有经济是我国国民经济的支柱，是能源、交通、重要原材料和技术装备的主要提供者，也是国家财政的主要来源；国有经济是整个社会发展的脊梁、经济的主要增长点，也是非国有经济得以发展的支撑。国有经济在国民经济中的重要战略地位，决定了搞好国有经济是搞好整个国民经济的根本保证。但是，长期以来我国的国有经济并没有完全按照国有经济应该占有的领域进行分布，在国有经济一统天下的计划经济体制条件下，国有经济不仅占据了其应当占据的领域，而且在大量的一般竞争性领域等国民经济的各个领域也占据了主导地位。这种状况，不仅大大降低了整个国有经济的运行质量，而且由于战线过长，布局过于分散，国有经济的主导作用被大大弱化。因此，从战略上调整国有经济布局，是充分发挥国有经济的主导作用，拉动整个国民经济增长的现实选择。 本文从国有经济布局战略性调整的紧迫性和必要性、国有经济布局战略性调整的目标与原则、国有经济布局调整的进退领域、国有经济进退过程中的障碍分析、国有经济布局战略性调整的运作思路、国有经济布局战略性调整的操作策略等六个方面对国有经济布局的战略性调整做了详细阐述。 所谓国有经济布局，是指国有资本在国民经济各个领域、以及不同规模的企业层面的分布及其所形成的格局。建国50多年来，国有经济有了很大发展，对国民经济和社会发展做出了巨大贡献，是我国实现工业化和现代化的主导力量，也是提高我国综合国力，增强国家经济实力、国防实力和民族凝聚力的重要依靠。同时也应该看到，在传统计划经济体制下形成的国有经济布局，呈现出不合理的结构状态。其主要特点表现在：1．国有经济战线过长，布局过宽；2．企业平均规模过小，产业集中度较低；3．企业间专业化协作水平低，地区产业结构趋同现象严重；4．部分行业国家垄断性太强，部分重点行业国有经济的主导性又太弱；5．国有企业大都采取国家独资的形式。由此可以看出从战略上调整国有经济布局是历史的必然。它是现实经济发展的需要;是推进产业结构调整与升级的客观要求;是从整体上发挥国有经济特有的、难以被非国有经济替代的功能的重要方式;是充分利用国有资本的现实选择。 要改变国有经济布局的现状，解决国有经济运行中出现的上述问题，必须明确国有经济布局战略性调整的目标，其目标就是通过国有资本的流动和重组，在缩小国有经济的运行范围的前提下，集中国有资本的力量，加强国家必保的行业和企业，提高国有资本的整体质量;通过联合、兼并、发展大企业集团等措施，形成一批有国际竞争实力的大型企业集团，改善国有资本的配置结构和国有企业的组织结构，形成比较合理的国有经济布局和结构;通过加强国有经济同其它经济成分之间的资本联系，促进国有经济实现形式的多样化，增强国有经济的调控力量，使国有经济在社会主义市场经济中更好地发挥作用。要实现国有经济布局的战略性调整目标，必须遵循:一是坚持有所为有所不为的原则，要充分考虑当前国有经济布局的分布状况，按照市场经济的规律办事，充分发挥市场经济配置资源的基础性作用，有针对性地、有序地推进国有经济布局的战略性调整。二是要恰当界定国有经济在社会主义市场经济中的地位、作用和发挥作用的有效途径。要体现国有经济控制力上。三是市场化运作国有经济布局的战略性调整，国有经济布局战略性调整意味着国有资本从某些领域退出或向某些领域进入，在市场经济体制下，则表现为国有资本的抽出与注入，是市场交易行为。调整的依据是市场供求情况，调整的方式是市场产权交易，调整的主体是市场经济运作主体。四是坚持布局调整与产业结构优化升级相结合。五是坚持布局调整与完善所有制结构相结合。六是对国有经济布局进行战略性调整要通过国有企业的战略性调整来实现。一方面在重要和关键的行业、领域，着力培养实力雄厚、规模效益显著、市场竞争力强的大型企业和大型企业集团，有些可以发展成为跨地区、跨行业、跨所有制、甚至跨国经营的大型企业集团。另一方面要放开搞活国有中小企业，同大企业建立密切的协作关系，提高生产社会化水平。七是坚持布局调整与区域经济的协调发展相结合。八是坚持布局调整与产业全球化相融合，经济全球化的核心是产业全球化，这是指产业组织在全球范围内的扩张和活动，产业结构在全球范围内的演变和升级。一国的产业政策和产业转型往往受到全球产业发展的影响，只有紧紧把握产业全球化的脉搏，并大力推进产业全球化，才能走向经济全球化。中国加入盯O后，在国有经济布局调整过程中。应充分利用国际分工的比较优势，扬长避短，按照“有进有退、有所为有所不为”的原则调整，把国有经济产业结构的调整于世界产业结构的调整紧密结合起来，制定新的产业结构调整与战略产业的选择方案，以提高产业的综合国际竞争力。 调整国有经济布局，其根本的尺度，就是符合市场经济客观规律要求的正确定位。即凡是国民经济需要控制的行业和领域，原则上都要进，应当有所为;反之，其它领域不管盈亏如何，原则上都应当退，应当有所不更多还原

【Abstract】 The state-owned sector of the economy (hereinafter as SOSE), which is the principal provider of energy, transportation, important raw materials and technical equipments and the main source of the national finance, is the pillar of our national economy. The SOSE is the backbone of the development of the society, the leading growth point of the economy and the bolster of the development of the non-state-owned sector of the economy. The important strategic status of the SOSE in the national economy determines that only a sound SOSE will guarantee a sound national economy. However, over a long period of time, the layout of the SOSE in our country is not completely proportionate to the sectors it should hold. Under the planned economy, while the omnipresent SOSE takes up those sectors it should hold by its nature, it plays yet a leading role overwhelmingly in many other generally competitive sectors of the national economy. This situation not only seriously impairs the operating quality of the whole SOSE but also immensely weakens the leading role of the SOSE thanks to unduly stretched battlefront and scattered layout. Therefore, the strategic readjustment in the layout of the SOSE is a practical choice to amplify the leading role of the SOSE and to beef up the national economy.This article elaborates the strategic readjustment in the layout of the SOSE in six aspects as follows: the urgency and necessity of the strategic readjustment, objectives and principles, sectors warranting advances or retreats in the layout, the analysis of the impediments incurred in the process of the SOSE’s heading for or retreating from sectors, train of thought, and the operating tactics.The layout of the SOSE refers to the distribution and situation of the state-owned capital in each sector of the national economy and on the levels of enterprises of different sizes. In over 50 years since the establishment of the new China, the SOSE has greatly developed and made many contributions to the national economy and social development, and is the leading power for the realization of industrialization and modernization in our country. The growth of the overall national power, the buildup of the strength of the national economy and defense, and the cohesion of the peoples also mainly rely on the SOSE. At the same time, it should be noted that the layout of the SOSE formed under the traditional planned economy takes on unreasonable structure which is characterized by the following: 1. the over-stretched battlefront and scatted layout of the SOSE; 2. the average size of enterprises is too small and the intensivism of industries is relatively low; 3. thelevel of professional coordination between enterprises is low and the repetition of the similar industries structures in regions is serious; 4. the state monopoly in some industries is formidable while in some key industries the dominance of the SOSE is yet to come; 5. most state-owned enterprises take the form of whole-state-ownership. In view of the above, the strategic readjustment in the layout of the SOSE is a historically inevitable. It embodies the needs of the practical economic development, the objective demands for promoting the adjustment and upgrade of industries structure, the important approach to exert in a general way its special function which can hardly be substituted by non-state-owned sector of the economy, and the practical choice for fully utilizing the state owned capital.In order to change the status quo of the layout of the SOSE and solve the above-mentioned problems arising in the course of the operation of the SOSE, we should clarify the goals of the strategic readjustment in the layout of the SOSE, which include the following: through the flow and reshuffle of the state-owned capital and by reducing the scope of the operation of the SOSE as a precondition, to assembly the strength of the state-owned capital, enhance the industries and enterprises which warrant the State’s safeguard for their viability and improve the overall quality of the state-owned capital; through measures更多还原