【作者】 许清涛；

【导师】 李广杰；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 地质工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 资源、环境、人口问题是当今世界人类所面临的重大课题,而对于地质环境生态系统脆弱地区,地质灾害发生十分频繁,生活在这样一种地质环境的人们,生命财产安全随时都受到地质灾害的危胁。在地质灾害中,泥石流、滑坡和崩塌等具有突发性强、破坏力大、分布范围广,隐蔽等特点。这些地质灾害多发生在山区,我国是个多山国家国,在我国已发生的地质灾害中,泥石流等灾害频率高、次数多,给国家经济建设和人民生命财产造成了极大损失。因此,对泥石流等灾害进行详细地质工程勘察,研究泥石流等灾害特征和形成机制,评价岩体稳定性,进而提出有效的防治措施,是避免泥石流等灾害进一步发生以及将人民生命财产损失降低到最小限度的必要前提。和龙市是吉林省东部山区一个以朝鲜族为主的边陲城市,是国家级贫困市,地质环境质量较差。近年来,常有泥石流等地质灾害发生,不仅恶化自然生态环境,造成了人民生命财产的损失,还加剧了贫困程度。在一定程度上影响了社会稳定,也严重地制约着国民经济的发展。如2001年雨季兴城村发生泥石流,水冲沙压农田1.4km2,冲毁了公路,直接经济损失达70万元。 <WP=85>因此,对本区泥石流、崩滑等地质灾害进行调查研究,并在此基础上提出泥石流、崩滑等灾害防治措施,已成为解决当地经济发展,减少地质灾害造成的人民生命财产的损失,增强社会稳定性,促进地质环境保护与社会经济协调发展的关键问题。所以,对和龙市环境地质灾害评价显得十分必要。通过对和龙市地质环境分析与评价,可以对其工程地质环境质量优劣得出结论,并进行环境地质灾害区划,为城市制订发展规划提供科学合理的依据,从而达到工程建设与地质环境的高度稳定与和谐。和龙市已发现的地质灾害点106处,其中泥石流69处、崩塌27处、滑坡7处、地面塌陷2处、地裂缝1处。和龙市境内可能导致灾害的致灾地质作用主要有泥石流、滑坡和崩塌,泥石流主要分布在东城镇、头道镇、龙城镇、福洞镇的白垩系砂岩和太古界变质岩分布的低山丘陵区,滑坡主要分布在和龙市市区内白垩系砂岩分布地区,崩塌主要分布在公路、铁路沿线和亚东等水库大坝坝肩附近。环境地质灾害的分区与评价遵循以地质环境条件为基础,地质灾害现状为依据,综合考虑地质灾害发育密度与规模,采取定性分析和定量评价相结合的原则,以1:10万地形图为基础底图,用栅格数据处理方法对其进行剖分,标准单元面积为2km×2km。对于受边界线不规则形状影响,部分单元边界不足2km×2km时,归并到相近单元,评价时对于大于2km×2km的单元视为标准单元<WP=86>格。对于地质条件相近,其它影响地质灾害发育的因素差异不大时,适当合并单元格。按照上述方法,将和龙市地区划分出53行33列,共1223个单元格。采用单元网格信息量综合评判法,确定各基本单元的稳定性指标,按各基本单元稳定性指标进行分区,对各分区按综合特征进行描述,对地质灾害易发程度进行综合评判,对地质灾害发育程度进行分区评价。影响和龙市地质灾害发生和发展的因素是多方面的,既有自然因素,也有人为因素。受地质环境及人类工程活动差异的影响,各单元区内地质灾害发生的规模和活动频率各不相同。为客观地反映泥石流、滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害的易发程度,对各评价指标的选择以有明确的物理意义,能直接反映地质灾害易发程度,同时又可表示地质灾害的潜在危险性的大小;收集和测试方法可行,数据整理便于操作;所有评价指标综合在一起能够表示地质灾害现状及发展危害性大小为原则。以和龙市地质灾害的影响条件和主要影响因素为依据,对泥石流的评价选取岩性因素、水土流失、沟道密度、冲沟切割深度、植被覆盖率、降雨强度、沟道通畅程度、泥石流发生频率、沟岸山坡坡度、沟谷纵坡降、流域面积、人类工程活动强度、沟口堆积扇、物源丰富程度、不良地质现象等15项作为泥石流易发程度评价指标。对崩滑评价选取植被覆盖率、地形坡度、沟谷切割深度、降雨强度、地层岩性、地质构造、地表水和地下水影响、人类工程活动强度等8项作为崩滑易发程<WP=87>度评价指标。和龙市地质灾害主要为泥石流,其次是崩滑灾害。其易发程度的综合评判主要采用影响因素加权平均综合评判法,以便充分地反映各影响因素对崩滑流的综合作用,并以单元格多种因素综合作用的结果来评价泥石流和崩滑灾害的易发程度,确定易发程度等级。综合信息叠加结果按1、2、3、4、5数值表示。其中,≥3.5的为地质灾害高易发区,2.5～3.5的为地质灾害中易发区,1.5～2.5的为地质灾害低易发区,≤1.5的为地质灾害不发育区。根据信息叠加结果,和龙市地质灾害易发区划分为:崩塌滑坡灾害高易发区(A1区)、泥石流灾害高易发区(A2区)、崩塌滑坡灾害中易发区(B1区)、泥石流灾害中易发区(B2区)、地质灾害低易发区(C区)和地质灾害不发育区(D区)。其中由于崩塌滑坡灾害中易发区(B1区)和泥石流灾害中易发区(B2区)重叠,按细则要求,将其归并为崩滑流灾害高易发区(A3区)。按各区分布位置是否连续,又将A1区、A2区和A3区合并为A区(即地质灾害高易发区);C、D区各划分为三个亚区(即C1、 C2、 C3、 D1、 D2 、D3 )。应用单元网格信息量综合评判法对城市工程地质环境质量进行评价是十分有效的,它具有较好的可操作性,其?更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem of resource,environment and population is the most important task which people have to face to nowadays. Because of the weak ecosystem,the geology disaster occur frequncy. people lived in this geology envionment suffer geolegy disaster at any moment, so their lives and possesstion often face threaten. Geology disaster as debris flow, landslide and landslip have characters such as outburst, strong destructive power, broad distribute area and hiddenness. Geology disaster mainly occur in mountains. Our country is a mountainous country. Among the geology disaster occurred in out country, debris flow occur frequence. it makes big losses in econemy construct and people live ,possession . so , it is necessary to reconnaissance, and study the form mechanism. To avoid the disaster we should evaluate the rock mass stability and propose efficient prevention and cure measure.Helong city is located in east mountainous area in jilin province. This border area city is mostly composted of korea. It is a state level indigent city with poor geology envionment. In rencent years , geology disaster such as debris flow occurred frequently . The occurrence of geology disaster not <WP=89>only deteriorated nature ecological environment, damnified people lives and possesstions, but also aggravated the indigent degree, influnced the society stabilization and confined the develop of national economy. For a example, the debris flow occurred in xing city in 2001 had destroied 1.4km2 farms, and had destroied the road. The direct economy loss is about 700,000 rmb.So , it is necessary to investigate the geology disaster as debris flow and landslip, and to propose prevention and cure method based on the investigation. It can help to solve the economy development, reduce the loss in geology disaster, strengthen the social stability, promote the protection of geology envionment and promote the harmony development of social economy. Through the analysis and evaluation of geology envionment in Helong city, we can evaluate engineering geology envionment quality, and divide envionmental geology disaster, offer scientific thereunder for the city development.The geology disaster point found in Helong city are about 106 places . There are about 69 places of debris flow, 27 places of landslip, 7 places of landslid, 2 places of ground collapse, 1 places of ground fissure. The mainly geology disaster in Helong are debris flow, landslip, and landslide. The debris flow mainly distributed in Cretacic sandrock <WP=90>and Archaeozoic metamorphic area in hilly region in the east town, Toudao town, Longcheng town, Fudong town.The landslide mainly distributed in Cretacic sandrock area in Helong city . The landslip mainly distributed along the road, railroad, and aroud the Yadong reservoir dam.The partition and evaluation of envionment geology disaster follows the principle as making the geology condition as the foundation, aggregate considering the develop density and scale of geology disaster, and adopting qualitative and quantitative method. Then, we use the 1:100,000 relief map as the bass map and split it with the method of grid data disposal. The standard unit area is 2km *2km. If some unit area is not got to 2km *2km because of the abnormity, please merger it to the adjacent unit. We consider the bigger than 2km *2km unit as a standard unit when evaluating. We incorporate units when their geology condition as same as each other. Using the method above, we apart the helong city into 53 rows and 33 lines, in all 1223 units. We use the unit gridding information synthesis evaluate method to ascertain every basic unit’s stability index. Then, apart the area with the stability index, and describe every part, aggregate evaluate the geology disaster’ occuring degree. The factor which affecting the geology disaster’s occurrence and development in Helong <WP=91>city is various, as nature factors and man-made factors. Because of the affection of the geology envionment and engineering activity, it is often not the same between units of更多还原