【作者】 高凯；

【导师】 胡自治； 牟新待； 刘自学；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 草业科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究选用六种常用的草坪草（高羊茅、草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草、中华结缕草、狗牙根和野牛草）进行盆栽试验，通过测定各种草坪草蒸散量与光合作用，来探讨草坪草在不同水分条件下的反应，确定草坪草在一个生长季内的耗水量及其在各生长时期对水分的需求规律，并对不同草种加以分析比较，为确定合理的节水灌溉管理模式提供理论依据。结果表明：在北京地区供试草坪草的蒸散主要集中在夏季5月～8月份之间，并且限制灌水条件下，供试草坪草蒸散量明显小于充分灌水条件下草坪草的蒸散量。充分灌水和限制灌水两种条件下，冷季型草坪草年蒸散量大于暖季型草坪草年蒸散量。充分灌水条件下供试草坪草蒸散量的排列顺序为：高羊茅和多年生黑麦草>草地早熟禾>狗牙根>结缕草>野牛草；限制灌水条件下供试草坪草蒸散量的排列顺序为：高羊茅和草地早熟禾>多年生黑麦草>狗牙根>结缕草>野牛草。供试6种草坪草蒸散量一天内变化均呈双峰曲线变化，并且，一天内蒸散量主要集中在11:00～15:00之间。在不同水分梯度的条件下，高羊茅的蒸散量与土壤含水量的相关关系式为：y = 0.0007x 2- 0.036x + 0.2748（R 2=0.9513），高羊茅蒸散量与土壤含水量成正相关。狗牙根蒸散量与土壤含水量的相关关系式为：y = 0.0086x2 -0.0706x + 0.2412（R 2=0.947），狗牙根蒸散量与土壤含水量关系为：在土壤含水量大于16%时成正相关，当土壤含水量小于16%时草坪蒸散量有一个升高的趋势。冷季型草坪草和暖季型草坪草，秋季的光合速率与夏季高温期有着显著差异。在冷季型草坪草中，高羊茅和草地早熟禾的光合速率有秋季高夏季低的趋势。狗牙根、结缕草、野牛草、高羊茅、黑麦草和早熟禾6种草坪草净光合速率日变化曲线为单峰型，其中3种冷季型草坪草高羊茅、黑麦草和早熟禾的光合速率在8:00是一天中的最高值，并且在一天内呈现逐渐下降的趋势。而3种暖季型草坪草狗牙根、结缕草和野牛草的光合速率在12:00时达到一天最高值。6种草坪草无“午休”现象。狗牙根、结缕草、野牛草、高羊茅4种草坪草的蒸腾速率日变化曲线均是单峰型，日变化过程中无“午休”现象。黑麦草和早熟禾的蒸腾速率日变化曲线是双峰型，但日变化过程中的“午休”现象不甚明显；高羊茅、早熟禾和黑麦草3种冷季型草坪的光合速率(Photo)均与二氧化碳浓度(CO2R)和有效光辐射(PARi)的相关性最大。结缕草、狗牙根和野牛草3种暖季型<WP=5>草坪草的光合速率(Photo)与蒸腾速率(Trmmol)相关性最大；高羊茅、早熟禾2种冷季型草坪的蒸腾速率(Trmmol)均与温度(Tair)的相关性最大，黑麦草蒸腾速率(Trmmol)与净光合速率(Photo)的相关性最大（r=0.9061）。水分胁迫条件下，6种供试草坪草叶片中脯氨酸含量的顺序是：高羊茅>多年生黑麦草>草地早熟禾>结缕草>狗牙根。更多还原

【Abstract】 The evapotranspiration (ET) and Photosynthesis (Photo) of different turf-grass species (Festuca arundinacea cv Pixie, Poa Pratensis cv Midnight, Lolium Perenne cv Pickwick, Zoysica sinica, Cynodon dactylon cv Sun city, Buchloe dactyloides) were studied. The response of each turf-grass species to different moisture conditions, the amount of water consumed by each turf-grass species in a growth season and the water-demand regulation of each turf-grass species in different growth period were determined. In addition, the difference between different turf-grass species were compared and analysed. The results are as follows: The evapotranspiration of turf-grass species studied in this research was concentrated in May to August. In the condition of limiting irrigation situation, the evapotranspiration of turf-grass species were obviously less than sufficient irrigation. The result showed that ET of cool-season turf-grass was significantly higher than that of warm-season turf-grass whatever the water is insufficient or sufficient. In the condition of sufficient irrigation, the order of ET is Festuca arundinacea cv Pixie>Poa Pratensis cv Midnight>Lolium Perenne cv Pickwick>Cynodon dactylon cv Sun city>Zoysica sinica>Buchloe dactyloides. While in the condition of limiting irrigation, the order of ET is: Festuca arundinacea cv Pixie and Poa Pratensis cv Midnight > Lolium Perenne cv Pickwick > Cynodon dactylon cv Sun city >Zoysica sinica>Buchloe dactyloides. The ET of the six turf species in one day showed a trend of bimodal curve, and the evaporation in one day is mainly concentrated in 11:00-15:00. In different water gradient, the correlation function between Festuca and soil water content is: y = 0.0007x2- 0.036x + 0.2748（R2=0.9513）, which is a positive correlation. However, the correlation function between Cynodon and soil water content is: y = 0.0086x2 -0.0706x + 0.2412（R 2=0.947），which indicated positive correlation when soil water content is more than 16％，while there was a increasing trend when soil water content is less than 16%. Photosynthesis Rate in autumn between high temperature in summer had significant difference. In cool-season turf, the Photosynthesis Rate of Festuca and Poa is high in autumn but low in summer. The Net Photosynthesis Rate of Cynodon、 Zoysica、Buchloe、Festuca、Lolium and Poa is unimodal in one day, among which the Photosynthesis Rate of Festuca、Lolium and Poa was the highest in 8:00, and present decreasing trend. However, that of the three warm-season turf Cynodon、 Zoysica、Buchloe was the highest in 12:00. And they all had no midday rest phenomenon. The Evaporation Rate of Cynodon、 Zoysica、Buchloe and Festuca was all unimodal in one day, and there was no midday rest phenomenon. The Evaporation Rate of Lolium and Poa was bimodal, but the midday rest phenomenon was not obvious. The Photosynthesis Rate of the there cool-season turf was highly correlated to Carbon Dioxide Content and Effective Ray Radiation. The Photosynthesis Rate and Evaporation Rate of the three warm-season turf were highly correlated. The Evaporation Rate of Festuca and Poa was highly correlated to temperature, and <WP=7>the evaporation rate and net Photosynthesis Rate of Lolium were highly correlated(r=0.9061). Under water stress condition, the order of the Proline content in the six turf species leaf is: Festuca arundinacea cv Pixie> Lolium Perenne cv Pickwick> Poa Pratensis cv Midnight> Zoysica sinica>Cynodon dactylon cv Sun city.更多还原