【作者】 郑琛；

【导师】 郝正里； 李发弟；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 为了研究饲粮不同加工处理对绵羊营养物质代谢和瘤胃内环境的影响以及不同营养水平、不同组合全饲粮颗粒料对绵羊瘤胃内环境的影响，进行了两个试验。试验一：选用3只健康，并安装永久瘤胃瘘管的杂种羯羊，采用3×3无重复拉丁方试验设计，就制成颗粒料的全混合饲粮、粉碎的精料+铡短粗料饲粮及整粒谷实+铡短粗料饲粮对绵羊瘤胃内环境以及养分代谢的影响进行了研究。结果表明：（1）不同加工处理的饲粮对试羊的采食和反刍有显著影响（p<0.05）。全混合颗粒饲粮采食快，反刍次数少、时间短，其它处理组，特别是未粉碎精料+铡短粗料组的反刍时间显著较长，反刍次数明显较多；（2） 不同加工处理的饲粮对试羊DM、N和CF的消化代谢也没有显著影响（p>0.05）。但未粉碎精料+铡短粗料组羊的DM消化率呈现出高于另两组的趋势，其CF消化率也显示出高于全混合颗粒料组的趋势 ，其氮的表观存留率高出其它两组4个百分点；（3）不同加工处理的饲粮只对试羊瘤胃液和血清尿素氮产生了显著影响（p<0.05），而对瘤胃液pH、总氮、氨氮、蛋白氮都没有显著影响（p>0.05）。但显示出采食全混合颗粒料试羊瘤胃液pH相对较高，总氮和蛋白氮浓度较低的现象；（4） 综合各项指标表明，未粉碎精料+粗料组的效果较好，证明用整粒谷实饲喂绵羊可行。试验二：在用28只公绵羊羔进行的肥育试验中，共设4个饲粮处理组，采用2因子（2×2）设计，两个营养水平（A因子，A1—0.9NRC和A2—0.8NRC）和两种饲粮组合（B因子，B1—添加甜菜渣和B2—不添加甜菜渣）的饲粮均被制成颗粒。肥育试验结束时，采集24只羊（每组6只）的瘤胃液和血样，并进行有关指标的测定。结果表明：（1）不同营养水平、不同组合全饲粮颗粒料对羔羊瘤胃液pH值、氨氮和尿素氮产生了显著的影响（p<0.05），而对瘤胃液总氮和蛋白氮浓度无显著影响（P>0.05）。0.9NRC(A1)水平多数时段的瘤胃液pH测值低于0.8NRC(A2)水平，其总氮（食后8时除外）、氨氮、蛋白氮浓度（食后8时除外）也均低于A2水平；采食含甜菜渣饲粮（B1）试羊瘤胃液总氮、氨氮（除食前外）、蛋白氮浓度均高于不含甜菜渣饲粮组（B2）。（2） A、B因子的交互作用表明，低营养水平含甜菜渣饲粮（A2B1）更好。可看出，果胶抑制淀粉发酵产生高乳酸的作用的程度取决于果胶和淀粉间的数量关系，也与饲粮的淀粉特性有关。（3 ）与试验一采食相同全饲粮颗粒料试羊相比，本试验1组试羊瘤胃液pH相对较高，总氮、氨氮与蛋白氮浓度较低。是由于两试验试羊采食水平不同，造成瘤胃食糜流出速率有差别所致。更多还原

【Abstract】 The two experiments were carried out to study effects of different processed way of diets and complete diets pellets with different combinations of feed on metabolic parameters of rumen fluid, and digestion and metabolism of nutrients in sheep. Experiment 1: Three crossbred wethers fitted with permanent rumen fistula were chosen to measure the effects of different processed way of diets on parameters of rumen metabolic and digestion and metabolism of nutrients in sheep.Treatments were designed as a 3×3 Latin square with 16-day periods.Sheep were allotted in one of three diet-treatments,which were complete diet pellets , ground concentrate and cut coarse fodder and no ground concentrate and cut coarse fodder. The results show : (1)The eating behavior and rumination of sheep were affected significantly by different processed way of diets(p<0.05).The eating time of complete diet pellets group was lesser, and times and hour of ruminate were lesser,too.Other groups, especially the sheep fed no ground concentrate and cut coarse fodder were found more rumination and much ruminating time.(2)Among different processed way of diets, no significant differences on digestion and metabolism of DM,N and CF were observed(p>0.05).But the digestibility of DM and CF with no ground concentrate and cut coarse fodder group higher than other groups,and its N retention was higher four percentage than other groups.(3) The concentration of urea nitrogen in rumen fluid were affected significantly by different processed way of diets(p<0.05),and there were no significant differences on pH,total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen and protein nitrogen in rumen fluid among these ways(p>0.05).But pH in rumen fluid of the sheep fed complete diet pellets was higher than other groups and its total nitrogen and protein nitrogen in rumen fluid were lower than others always.(4)It was seen from all items measured that there were better effect on group of no ground concentrate and cut coarse fodder.Experiment 2: This experiment was conducted to measure the effects of diet <WP=40>combination (factor B, B1—with beet pulp, B2—without beet pulp) with two levels (factor A, A1—0.9NRC, A2—0.8NRC) on metabolic parameters of rumen fluid of crossbred male lambs.28 crossbred male lambs were chosen. A factional designing of 2×2 and 28 lambs that they were divided into four groups were adopted. The diets of four groups were executed complete diet pellets. The results show:(1) The pH, ammonia nitrogen and urea nitrogen in rumen fluid were affected significantly by complete diet pellets with different combinations (p<0.05),and there were no significant differences on total nitrogen and protein nitrogen in rumen fluid(p>0.05). The pH of sheep fed the diets with A1 was lower than sheep fed the diets with A2 at most phase of sampling, and its concentration of total nitrogen(except 8h after feeding),ammonia nitrogen and protein nitrogen(except 8h after feeding)were also lower than sheep fed the diets with A2.The concentration of total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen (except before feeding) and protein nitrogen of sheep fed the diets with B1 were higher than sheep fed the diets with B2.(2) Cross effects of A and B showed that A2B1 was better than others. The function that pectin restrains starch fermented and became lactic acid is decided by proportion between pectin and starch as well as characteristics of starch in diet.(3)Compared with the sheep fed same diet of experiment 1,the pH of group1 (A1B1) in rumen fluid was higher than the sheep of experiment 1,and its total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen and protein nitrogen were lower. Different feeding level caused different flowing speed of rumen chime which was followed by this difference.更多还原