【作者】 王硕果；

【导师】 曾宗永；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 生态学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 宝兴、民治梯级水电站位于宝兴东河流域，是宝兴河梯级水电站的第二级，该工程属于中小型电站，引水式开发：但涉及蜂桶寨国家级自然保护区以及重要的长江水源区，因此其生态影响评价是工程可行性评价的一个主要内容。 宝兴、民治水电站工程需要修建临时建筑如道路、堆渣场、料场、施工场地和其他永久建筑，拦河大坝建成后将出现淹没区、脱水区。因此，该建设项目的影响是区域性的。首先将对区域生态系统产生影响，其表现形式是通过对植被、土壤和土地利用格局的影响，进而影响区域自然生态体系的生态完整性；其次，工程将造成水土流失；植被的淹没将使野生动植物多样性及其生境的丧失；移民搬迁、定居会给移入地带来土地利用格局的变化和新的水土流失。特别是宝兴河地处具有国际意义的生物多样性热点地区——邛崃山脉，该地区分布着大熊猫等众多珍稀濒危动植物物种，并且是许多动植物模式标本的产地，大熊猫的第一个标本就在宝兴河支流邓池沟发现并定名。国际上对这一地区的生物多样性亦十分关注，这就使得该地区水电站建设的可行性研究变得十分敏感。 本项研究主要包括两部分类容：关于评价面积的初步讨论和水电工程的生态影响评价。在野外调查的基础上，结合收集历史资料，首先讨论了不同评价面积景观的变化；其次以生态机理法为主，结合景观生态学评价法、生态制图法以及生物生产力评价法等多种方法，对评价区域内自然环境、陆地生态系统、景观生态、敏感生态问题的现状进行描述与评价，并预测了工程在施工期、蓄水期和运行期可能对四川大学硕士论文生态环境带来的冲击、最后，针对工程与生态环境的特征，提出了相应的保护缓减措施。本项研究一方面为当地环境保护提供了基础调查资料，同时对工程可能产生的生态影响给予预测，对于工程建设的布局、替代措施选择以及以后的生态恢复提供了具有可操作性的建议。 研究结果表明:1.评价面积变化时，景观格局有相应的变化，会影响评价结果;2.影响区域内具有丰富的生物多样性，植物的多样性远大于动物的多样性，同时动物的多样性以鸟类最高、兽类次之;3.评价区内生态环境状况良好，如果加强管理和做好充分的恢复重建措施，工程的施工、蓄水以及运行不会对环境主体造成不可逆转的影响:3.蜂桶寨自然保护区以及旗舰保护动物大熊猫受工程影响的可能性很小。4.在两个水电站的建设中，生态系统的许多组成部分都会受到一定程度的干扰，必须加强管理、监督，做好生态恢复工作。关键词:水电站:生态影响评价:景观生态学;评价面积; 蜂桶寨国家自然保护区更多还原

【Abstract】 Baoxing and Mingzhi hydroelectric power stations are located in the east valley of Baoxing. They are in the second stage of the whole project of hydroelectric power station of Baoxing Valley. They are middle stations and developed by the water introduction. The ecological effect assessment is an important part of the whole project, for the project may affect the protection areas and the areas that are the source of the water.To fulfill the construction of the Baoxing and Mingzhi hydroelectric power stations, some temporary constructions, such as roads, sediment ground, material ground and working places, and some permanent constructions will be built. After the dam has been built, areas that are submerged or lack of water will emerge. Thus, this project has effects on this area. It will first affect the local ecological system through its effects on the plants, soil and the formation of the soil usage and its later effects on the ecological integrality of the natural ecological system. And then, the project will flood some forest and bring on the loss of some water and soil and the loss of the living places of the wild plants and animals. Moreover, the migration of people is one of sensitive problems in ecology, because migration will also bring about the change of the soil usage formation and the loss of the soil and water. Especially, Baoxing is located in the protection area of biodiversity-Qionglai Mountains, where many rare plants and animals such as the great panda and niulinng inhabit there. The first great panda specimen was founded and named in thebranch of Baoxing River, Dengchi Valley. Other countries pay a lot attention to the biodiversity of this area.Based on the history materials and the field investigation, the description and assessment was made, of the current situation of the natural environment, the land ecological system, the landscape ecology and sensitive ecological problems of this area. Many methods were used including the landscape ecology assessment, ecology mapping and bio-production assessment. All this is based on the ecological theory. And also, the possible side effects on the ecological environment of this project were predicted and some protection measure was put forward according to the feature of the project and the ecological environment of this area. Some basic investigation data were provided for the environment protection of this area and the possible effects on the local ecology was predicted. All the work provides the operational advice for the configuration of the construction, the choice of substitutive measures and the later ecological recovery.The research shows that: 1, high biodiversity exists in the affected area and the plant diversity is much higher than animal diversity. The bird diversity is the highest and the mammal diversity is lower than that. 2, the ecological environment is good and this project will not result in the unrecoverable effects if the project is in strict control. 3, Fengtongzhai national conservation and the protected animals have little chance to be influenced by the project. 4, the construction of the hydroelectric power will interfere the various parts of the ecosystem to some extent. So, the administration and the supervision must be strict and the ecology recovery must be carried on.更多还原