【作者】 张若文；

【导师】 龙建忠；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 模式识别与智能系统， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 砂岩是我国分布最广、最重要的储集层之一，它包含的油气成分比较多，具有独特的颗粒结构和丰富的微观孔隙结构，因此对砂岩的研究是油气勘探开发中的重点工作。常规的物性分析方法只能分析砂岩孔隙的参数特性，不能体现空间中孔隙的结构，迫切需要建立砂岩三维微观模型来反映其储集性和渗滤特性。因此本文作者重点研究了通过SEM砂岩二维样本图象重建砂岩的三维孔隙和颗粒微观结构模型、测量三维参数并显示三维微观结构模型的理论与技术。 在对SEM砂岩二维样本图象进行分析时，本文作者在薄片结构上添加了一_级井段结构，便于进行二维多级分析；改进了传统的自动喉道分割方法和手工喉道分割方法，减小了自动喉道分割的错分率，提高了手工喉道分割的效率，使二维样本分析软件同时适用于孔隙分析和颗粒分析。 在砂岩样本随机建模中，本文作者分析了两种随机重建方法，研究了三维Voronoi模型重建法，提出了一种基于形态学的三维随机重建法。用本文的方法重建出的三维孔隙模型不仅整体视觉效果较好，孔隙结构参数、物性数据、二维分析数据三者间都有较高的相似性。 在对重建出的砂岩三维随机模型的参数分析中，采用回归相关分析法分析孔隙度的相关性，行程法考察孔隙在三维空间中的连通性。本文作者提出了一种新的基于三维数学形态学的测量孔隙配位数、喉道长度和宽度等参数的方法，通过测量和分析这些参数能很好地反映砂岩样本的渗透性能。 在三维显示中，本文作者研究了投影显示法，并分析比较了投影显示法与实体显示法及虚拟现实显示法的优缺点；提出了一种改进的虚拟现实的显示方法，用于砂岩三维模型显示时取得了很好的显示效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 The sandstone is one of the most important reservoirs in our country. It is necessary to investigate the sandstone because of its unique grain and pore microstructure and reconstruct sandstone geology models to reveal the petrophysical properties. This paper reports on an investigation concerning the theory and technique of reconstructing and displaying the three dimensional(3D) grain and pore microstructure from 2D SEM micrographs and measuring the 3D parameters.In analyzing the 2D SEM micrographs, this paper adds a well structure on the slice structure and improves the general auto throat-segment and manual throat segment method and makes the throat-segment more efficient. The 2D analysis software can analyze both grain and pore medium.In sandstone stochastic modeling, this paper has researched 3D Voronoi modeling method and a stochastic modeling method based on morphology and compared several stochastic modeling methods’ advantage and disadvantage. Finally, the stochastic modeling method based on stochastic morphology to reconstruct the sandstone sample is select. The 3D pore models using this reconstructing method not only have good vision effect but also have high correlation with 2D statistical data.In order to analysis the 3D parameter, this paper adopts regression and correlation method to analysis data correlation and run-length method to analysis the connectivity of 3D model. A new method expanding 2D morphology to 3D morphology is proposed to measure pore connectivity, pore coordination number, throat length and throat width which are in relation to sandstone sample’s permeability.In 3D display, this paper discusses the projection display method, analyzes and compares the merits and shortcomings of some display methods, such as projection display, entity display and Virtual-Reality display and so on. Due to the conglutination of many grains in the reconstructed 3D grain model, an improved Virtual-Reality display method is proposed. Its good display effect is validated by the experiments.更多还原