【作者】 道里刚；

【导师】 唐亚；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 环境科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 熊蜂(Bumble bee)在分类学上隶属于节肢动物门(Arthropdoda)、昆虫纲(Insecta)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、蜜蜂总科(Apidae)，熊蜂亚科(Bombinae)熊蜂属(Bombus)。世界上已知的种类有239种，自然分布区域遍及除了南极和大洋洲以外的整个大陆，集中分布于北半球的温带和亚寒带，适应于寒冷、湿润的气候。我国大约有熊蜂80余种，全国各地均有分布，四川大约有56种。该属昆虫具有重要的经济与生态价值。熊蜂还是环境因子的良好指标，在生态方面及历史进化方面是动物地理很好的研究对象。 川渝地区位于我国西南部，地形特点复杂多样、各地气候差异悬殊。特殊的生境条件和丰富多样的生态系统类型，奠定了四川省物种多样性的生境基础。四川的熊蜂区系在我国的熊蜂区系组成中占有非常重要的地位。以往，关于四川熊蜂动物区系的调查工作虽然做的较多，但关于熊蜂的地理分布规律及其与重要环境因素之间的关系涉及的较少。在进行空间定量分析时，一个比较切合实际的方法是分析有关生态环境因素对熊蜂分布的影响。而近年来地理信息系统(Geographic Information System)、DPS、Spss等统计软件的迅速发展为昆虫生态学的研究开辟了新的途径。 本文在GIS、数据处理系统DPS等软件的支持下，以川渝地区作为研究区，运用唐亚教授与Paul Williams合作完成的川渝地区熊蜂分布数据库，对川渝地区地理分布、垂直分布进行讨论分析，运用因子分析法定量分析148个单元格内主要环境因素与熊蜂的空间分布之间的关系，并对所得到的各个单元格内的因子得分进行聚类分析。 研究得到如下结论：1.川渝地区熊蜂物种丰富度与植被多样性、海拔高度呈正相关，而与气候因素呈一定的负相关; 2.川渝地区熊蜂物种多样性与景观的生境多样性是相关的，单元格内生境越复杂熊蜂物种丰富度就越高; 3.人类活动破坏生态环境，造成不利于熊蜂生存的环境条件。关键词:力!渝地区熊蜂属地理信息系统因子分析聚类分析更多还原

【Abstract】 Bumblebee belongs to arthropdoda, insecta, hymenoptera, apidae, bombinae, bombus in entomological taxonomy. There are 239 kinds of bumblebees in the world. Bumblebee spreads all over the continent besides the South Pole and Oceania, presents to temperate zone and inferior frigid zone in Northern Hemisphere normally, adapts to cold, moist climate. Probably there are more than 80 kinds of bumblebees in our country, all parts of the country are distributed, 56 kinds in Sichuan province. Bumblebee has important economic and ecological values, is still a good index of the environmental factor. It is a good research object in ecology and history evolution.Sichuan province and Chongqing lie in the southwest of our country, with a varied topography and distinct difference in climate. Special habitat condition, rich and varied ecosystem type, has established the diversified habitat foundation for species of Sichuan Province and Chongqing city. The fauna of Bumblebee in Sichuan occupies very important status in our country. In the past, though the investigation about Sichuan bumblebee’s fauna has been done a lot, the geographical distribution laws of Bumblebee and the relationship to the important environmental factors is less involved. While carrying on spatial quantitative analysis, one sensible method is to analyze how the ecological environmental factors influence that bumblebee distribution. With the rapid developing of the geographical information system and statistics software in recent years, it has opened up the new way intostudying the ecologic of insect.In this paper Supported by software, such as GIS, DPS, Spss etc., With studying Sichuan province and Chongqing city, using bumblebee’s space distribution database that cooperation finished by Tang Ya and P. Williams, the geographical distribution and vertical distribution of bumblebee is discussed. The main analysis methods are factor analysis and clustering analysis. The following conclusions are acquired after studying:The diversity of Bumblebee presents positive correlation with vegetation diversity and altitude, and that presents negative correlation with climate factors in Sichuan province and Chongqing city to some extent.Bumblebee’s species diversity is relevant to the habitat diversity; the habitat is more complicated, the higher the abundant degree of bumblebee species in the unit.The human activity destroys the ecological environment, conduces to unfavorable environmental condition that the bumblebee survives.更多还原