充油乳聚丙烯酸酯橡胶的合成及其性能研究

【作者】 谢军；

【导师】 李效玉；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 材料学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 丙烯酸酯橡胶的分子主链为饱和碳链，同时由于带有侧酯基，使其具有优异的耐油性能和耐热性能。丙烯酸酯橡胶是性能价格比最优的高温密封橡胶材料之一，被广泛用于各种油封领域。但是丙烯酸酯橡胶的低温性能不够理想，因此改善丙烯酸酯橡胶的低温性能并保持其良好的耐油性能是丙烯酸酯橡胶研究的热点。经文献调研迄今为止未见丙烯酸酯橡胶充油的报导。为此，我们可以借鉴充油丁苯橡胶的思路，聚合过程中原位填充低分子量的聚醚、聚酯或高沸点的醚、酯类增塑剂(以下统称醚、酯)，以使低分子量的聚醚、聚酯或高沸点的醚、酯类增塑剂在丙烯酸酯橡胶基体中的高度相容，这样既可在保持丙烯酸酯橡胶耐油性能的同时，降低玻璃化转变温度，提高加工性能。而且该法作为一种通用的方法，可以用于各种丙烯酸酯聚合体系。因此研制充油丙烯酸酯橡胶具有十分重要的理论意义和实际应用意义。 分别采用环氧型硫化点单体(GMA)和活性氯硫化点单体(VCA)，以BA、EA作为共聚单体，以阴离子型和非离子型乳化剂复配乳化体系，磷酸二氢钠作为PH缓冲剂，原位乳液聚合法将低分子量聚醚Diol-2000，低分子量PTMEGl000，低分子量聚己二酸丁二醇酯和小分子DOP引入丙烯酸酯共聚物中，制得了充醚(酯)丙烯酸酯橡胶，聚合反应的单体转化率达到99％以上，其生胶门尼值20—25，充醚、酯丙烯酸酯橡胶与相应的丙烯酸酯橡胶相比玻璃化温度发生降低，且随 北京化工大学硕士学位论文着低分子量聚醚、聚酷、有机小分子酷类聚醚等用量的增加玻璃化转变温度逐渐降低。系统研究了这种方法的配方和工艺参数，获得了可供放大的基础数据。这种原位乳液聚合充油方法可以作为乳聚丙烯酸醋橡胶合成体系的一个普适的方法。 采用用双辊开炼机对所得充醚、酉旨的丙烯酸酷橡胶混炼，以高耐磨碳黑补强，对不同充油丙烯酸酷橡胶进行硫化研究，并对比考察了硫化胶的物理性能、热老化性能和耐油性能。对于充油丙烯酸醋的物理机械性能、老化性能、耐油性能等与相应的丙烯酸酷橡胶比，其各种性能影响不大，而低温性能得到改善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Acrylic rubber’s main molecular chain is sature and has polar ester linkage, which endues it excellent heat-resistant and oil-resistant properties. The ratio of performance to rate of Acrylic rubber is among the best of high-temperature sealing rubber. And it is widely used in oil-sealing surroundings. But the low-temperature property is not good enough in some area, so it is a research hotspot to improve the low-temperature property of acrylic rubber without or with little drawdown of its good oil-resistant property. No reports on oil-extended acrylic rubber were founded. So we refer the method of SBR oil-extending. By in-situ emulsion polymerization acrylic rubber filled with high boiling point ester, low molecular weight polyether, or low molecular weight polyester were prepared. The acquired oil-extended acrylic rubber combine the good oil-resistant property and improved glass transition temperature. And its processing behavior is good. Generally the method mentioned above can be used in various polymerization systems preparing acrylic rubber. The research of oil-extended acrylic rubber is significant both in theory and in practice.Oil-extended acrylic rubber were prepared by in-situ emulsion polymerization with butyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate as monomer, GMA orVGA as vulcanization site monomer, OP-10/SDS(1/1) as emulsifier, Na2H2PO4 as PH buffer, and DOP, low molecular weight polyether, or low molecular weight polyester as filling agent. The conversion of monomer in the above polymerization is above 99%. The mooney viscosity of the acquired oil-extended rubber is 20-25. Compare to the homological acrylic rubber, the oil-extended acrylic rubber has a lower glass transition temperature.The acquired oil-extended acrylic rubber were mixed with high-abrasion-proof carbon, vulcanization agent, processing accessory ingredient on two roll rubber mill, and vulcanized on cure press. The vulcanization behavior of the crude rubber and the physics mechanical, aging, and oil-resistant properties of crosslinked rubber were researched. The result showed that the oil-extended acrylic rubber have good physics mechanical, aging, and oil-resistant properties.更多还原