【作者】 李姿娇；

【导师】 杨屹； 丁明玉；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 分析化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 麻黄是一味常用的中草药, 为麻黄科植物草麻黄、中麻黄或木贼麻黄的干燥草质茎,其化学成分非常复杂。以往的研究多认为麻黄碱类是其主要有效成分,对其药理药效进行了较多研究;而对麻黄碱类以外化学成分(非麻黄碱类)的分析和药理研究的报道很少。本文在前人研究的基础上,利用溶剂萃取法,对麻黄总提物进行了分离,考察了环己烷、正己烷、甲苯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸乙酯和氯仿的萃取效果,高效液相色谱(HPLC)的定量分析结果表明,氯仿的分离效果最佳。通过对氯仿的萃取条件进行优化选择,发现以两倍于麻黄总提物体积的氯仿经三次萃取的效果最好,在此条件下,可实现麻黄碱部分与非麻黄碱部分的较彻底分离。选用氯化铁局灶性脑缺血模型,对氯仿萃取得到的非麻黄碱部分进行了药效研究,首次发现非麻黄碱部分具有显著的溶栓作用,其效果与麻黄碱部分以及盐酸麻黄碱对照品溶液基本相同。这一发现为进一步研究非麻黄碱部分的化学成分及药理作用奠定了基础,也为麻黄药材的综合利用提供了实验依据。本论文还对非麻黄碱部分的化学成分进行了初步研究。采用分光光度法测定了该部分中总黄酮和总生物碱的含量,方法具有显色快速、灵敏度高、操作简便、结果重现性好、准确度高的特点。测<WP=4>定结果显示,非麻黄碱部分中确实还存在其他生物碱类物质,其含量为该部分中麻黄碱类物质含量的近30倍。通过颜色反应还鉴定出非麻黄碱部分存在有机酸类。本文的研究成果为深入研究麻黄非麻黄碱部分的化学成分、药理作用做了很有价值的基础工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ma Huang is a commonly used Chinese herbal drug derived from the aerial parts of Ephedra sinica Stapf, Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C.A.Mey and Ephedra equisetina Bge. The chemical composition of this species is very complex. In the literature, ephedrine alkaloids have been believed as the effective components and the study on their pharmaceutical effect and chemical analysis was frequently reported; however, the relative aspects about other components (except ephedrine alkaloids) were not well investigated. Therefore we were interested in the non-ephedrine alkaloids from Ephedra sinica Stapf.The total extract of Ephedra sinica Stapf was intended to be isolated into two parts, ephedrine alkaloids and non-ephedrine alkaloids, with cyclohexane, n-hexane, methylbenzene, butyl acetate, ethyl acetate and chloroform using the simple solvent extraction. According to the qualitative and quantitative analysis by HPLC, the best effect of the above mentioned isolation was obtained with chloroform. The condition <WP=6>of extraction with chloroform, including solvent volume and extracting time was optimized by the evaluation with HPLC analysis. It has been shown that the non-ephedrine alkaloids part was basically separated from the ephedrine alkaloids part with double chloroform of the volume of the total extract for thrice.On the basis of the preparation of the non-ephedrine alkaloids part, the pharmaceutical effect of this part was studied with a cerebral ischemic model of SD mice developed by ferric chloride. It was first detected that the non-ephedrine alkaloids part almost has the same apparent thrombolysis effect as the ephedrine alkaloids part and hydrochloric ephedrine standard solution, which had been testified to possess the thrombolysis effect. The in-depth study on the chemical composition and the pharmaceutical effect of the non-ephedrine alkaloids part was prospective because of this new finding and the comprehensive utilization of Ephedra sinica Stapf has had the experimental basis for it.The chemical components, including flavonoids, alkaloids and organic acids, of the non-ephedrine alkaloids part were preliminarily studied. The existence of flavonoids and organic acids was confirmed by the characteristic color reaction in this part. Two simple, sensitive and reliable methods using UV/Vis spectrophotometry were developed for the determination of the total contents of flavonoids and alkaloids in the <WP=7>same part. These results can supply the experimental foundation for the further research of the non-ephedrine alkaloids and the comprehensive development and utilization of Ma Huang. In a word, this work can provide the valuable basis for the investigation of the chemical composition and the pharmaceutical effect of the non-ephedrine alkaloids part of Ephedra sinica Stapf.更多还原