【作者】 吴峰；

【导师】 沈为民；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 光学工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 星敏感器通过识别出视场内的恒星目标来测量航天器当前姿态，实现对航天器姿态控制。 本文重点研究星敏感器折反结构光学系统的设计。反射部分采用Schwarzschild结构，折射部分由同种材料的三块透镜组成。整个系统反射面都是球面，透镜组只有一个光学面是非球面，其余都是球面。具有中心遮拦小，视场角大的优点，有利于测量精度的提高。得到的设计结果为焦距43.56mm，全视场角20°，相对孔径1：1.2。 首先，介绍课题的内容和研究意义，阐明增大光学系统的视场角，对提高星图识别成功率与测控精度，以及减小导航星星表容量的重要作用。并回顾国内外星敏感器及其光学系统的发展状况。 然后，介绍星敏感器相关的导航星星表的建立、星图识别技术。通过叙述星敏感器的工作过程，阐明姿态控制的方法。 接着，介绍确定星敏感器光学系统各项指标的方法。主要包括口径、视场角、焦距、光谱范围、中心波长。计算给出本文设计的指标值，介绍像质评价的方法。 最后，分析两球面镜系统的像差校正情况，指出Schwarzschild球面系统在像差校正方面优于Cassegrain、Gregorian球面系统，由此选择Schwarzschild系统结构。由于Schwarzschild球面系统独立变量有限，难以校正所有像差，为进一步增大视场角，在反射镜后添加透镜构成折反系统。通过估算系统的倍率色差，指出可采用同种折射材料的透镜组。对系统进行优化设计，给出详细的设计结果，并对像质进行评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 Star sensors measure the attitude of spacecrafts by identifying the stars in their field of view. This paper addresses the design of catadioptric systems for star sensors. Their reflective part is the Schwarzschiid configuration and the refractive part consists of three lenses made of the same material. This system has small central obstruction and a wide field of view. It can improve accuracy of star sensors. Only one surface is aspheric. This design reaches focal length 43.56mm, field of view 20? and relative aperture 1:1.2.Firstly, the content and the value of this study are introduced. It is set forth that to widen the field of view of optical system is very significant for improving its star identification success ratio and attitude measurement accuracy and decreasing the size of its guide star catalog. Also, the development and the optical system of star sensors are reviewed.Secondly, the establishment of the guide star catalog and its star identification technology are introduced. The working principle of star sensors is interpreted.Thirdly, the method of determination of its performances including its entrance pupil, focal length, field of view, spectral ranges, and center wavelength etc. Performance values about this design are presented. And the criterions for evaluation imaging quality are given in detail.Finally, the aberrations of reflective systems with two mirrors are analyzed. It is shown that the Schwarzschiid spherical system is better than Cassegrain and Gregorian spherical systems in terms of aberration correction. Aberrations can’t be corrected perfectly since Schwarzschiid spherical systems have not enough parameters. Lenses are added to correct aberrations in order to widen the field of view. Lateral color aberration is calculated and the possilrility using lenses composed of the same refractive material is interpreted. Then the result is given and the performance of the obtained design is evaluated.更多还原