【作者】 穆大刚；

【导师】 孟范平；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 生态学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国化肥工业的迅速发展，产生的工业氯化铵废水对环境的影响也越来越严重，其中的氨氮与氯离子的大量排放都会导致对环境产生很大的危害。水体中氨氮浓度过高，会导致水体富营养化，水资源恶化、同时也会对人体的健康造成一定影响。而氯离子的大量排放也会导致土壤结构改变，对农作物以及地下建筑带来很大危害。目前在我国，高浓度化肥工业氯化铵废水的处理仍然是一个亟待解决的问题，因此，研究经济有效地处理氯化铵废水的技术具有十分重要的现实意义。 本文对国内外氨氮废水的处理机理和工艺及其应用现状和发展趋势进行了全面的调研，结合鲁南化肥厂废水实例，针对工业氯化铵废水离子浓度高的特点进行了系统的试验研究。 以模拟高浓度氯化铵废水为处理对象，利用化学吹脱法、化学沉淀法、反渗透和纳滤等膜分离技术单独进行处理，优化得到每种处理技术的最佳运行条件。对于化学吹脱法，其最佳运行条件：pH值为11，水温为50℃，气水比为4000，填料高度为100cm；化学沉淀法的最佳运行条件：Mg²⁺、NH₄⁺、PO₄^3-的摩尔比为1.25：1：1；反应pH值8.91；反应水温25℃；反应时间20 min；沉淀时间20 min；反渗透系统的最佳运行条件为：膜分离压力0.6 Mpa，处理时间5min，水温10℃；纳滤系统的最佳运行条件为：膜分离压力0.7Mpa，处理时间10min，水温为10℃。在所优化的条件下，化学吹脱法、化学沉淀法对高浓度工业氯化铵废水中的氨氮去除率分别达到了98.4％和95％以上，反渗透以及纳滤分离方法的脱盐率达到了33.96％和69.05％。但采用单一处理方法不能使出水氨氮达到排放标准。 在综合考虑和分析各种处理工艺的优缺点的基础上，根据废水水质特点提出利用分级串联工艺处理高浓度氯化铵废水的方案。采用化学吹脱技术与化学沉淀技术串联，出水的氨氮浓度可降低到30.3mg／L，但是出水的氯离子浓度过高，限制了此方案的实际应用。纳滤一沉淀串联工艺可使出水氨氮浓度达到280mg／L，但无法去除废水中的氯离子，仍然不能达到厂方的要求。纳滤—化学吹脱串联工艺处理氯化按废水，出水氨氮浓度可以降低到loom叭以下，cl一浓度也从原来的24055m留L降低到1 sl03mg几，在本研究条件下，初步估计废水的处理成本为12元/t。 采用纳滤技术与化学吹脱法串联工艺对高浓度氯化钱废水进行处理，可以实现出水氨氮浓度达标排放，并大幅度降低出水中的氯离子浓度，还具有处理效果好、无二次污染、运行成本较低等优点，同时还可以回收利用部分氯化钱，降低处理成本。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of fertilizer industry in China, the influence to the environment that caused by the industrial wastewater with ammonium-chloride is more and more severe, the large amount of the discharge of ammonia-nitrogen and Cl" (chlorine ion) will do harm to the environment. If the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen is too high, it will cause the eutrophication of the waters and do harm to the health of human beings to some degree. The large amount of Cl" will also change the structure of the soil and do damage to the crops and underground buildings. However, to study the economical and efficient technology of dealing with the high strength ammonium-chloride industrial wastewater is much of important in reality.In this thesis, the author looks up a lot of documents and considers the wastewater of LuNan fertilizer factory. Systematic research is done according to the specialty that the concentration of the ion in ammonium-chloride industrial wastewater is high.With the simulated high.. strength ammonium-chloride wastewater, the author studies the single technology and optimizes the best condition for each technology The best conditions are listed as follows, for air-stripping: pH value is 11, temperatureof water is 50, ratio of air to water is 4000, filling height is 100cm; for chemical precipitation: moore ratio of Mg2+. NR. PCU3- is 1.25:1:1, pH value for reaction is 8.91, temperature of water is 25?C, reaction time is 20min, precipitation time is 20min; for reverse osmosis system: separating pressure is 0.6Mpa, disposal time is 5min, temperature of water is 10; for nanofiltration system: separating pressure is 0.7Mpa, disposal time is lOmin, temperature of water is 10. In the optimized condition, with the technology of air-stripping and chemical precipitation, the ammonia-nitrogen in the wastewater can be removed by 98.4% and 95%, with the technology of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, the desalination ratio of the wastewater can reach 33.96% and 69.05%. However, it can not reach the emissionstandard with either kind of technology.The features of each disposal method is analyzed and considered, and the tandem technique of combing different methods to dispose of the high strength ammonium-chloride wastewater is carried out. With the tandem technique of air-stripping and precipitation, the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen in the wastewater can be reduced to 30.3mg/L. However, this method is limited in reality because the concentration of Cl" in the final water is too high. With the tandem technique of nanofiltration and precipitation, the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen in the final water can be reduced to 280mg/L. But the Cl" can not be removed from the wastewater and the emission standard can not be reached.Combining the technology of nanofiltration and air-stripping, ammonia-nitrogen in the high strength ammonium-chloride industrial wastewater can be controlled within lOOmg/L with the input concentration of 9500mg/L and reach the emission standard, the concentration of Cl’is reduced from 24055mg/L to 15103mg/L at the same time, in this condition, the cost of disposing wastewater is about RMB 12 Yuan per ton.The tandem technique of nanofiltration technology and air-stripping technology has the virtue of efficient removal ratio without secondary pollution. The high strength wastewater can be reused and the disposal cost is reduced then.更多还原