【作者】 赵厚钧；

【导师】 高天翔；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 海洋生物， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 金乌贼(Sepia esculenta Hoyle，1885)属软体动物门(Mollusca)、头足纲(Cephalopoda)、鞘亚纲(Coleoidea)、乌贼目(Sepioidea)、乌贼科(Sepiidae)、乌贼属(Sepia)。金乌贼分布于俄罗斯远东海，日本的本州、四国、九州，朝鲜西海岸、南海岸以及我国沿海。 金乌贼是我国海洋渔业重要的经济头足类之一。近20年来，有关金乌贼的研究报道较少。本论文以日照岚山头的金乌贼为研究对象，主要进行了金乌贼外部形态观察、实验室内金乌贼受精卵孵化、幼体发育及不同材料附着基附卵效果的研究。 (1) 对其外部形态进行了观察研究，并首次对金乌贼的上下颚的形态特征进行了描述。 (2) 在实验室内对金乌贼受精卵的孵化和幼体发育进行了研究。 (3) 对金乌贼的增殖附卵基质进行了研究。 本论文通过采集日照岚山头近海的金乌贼受精卵，在实验室条件下对其进行了孵化实验，初步弄清了孵化过程中需要的环境条件，在22～24℃、冲水条件下，金乌贼受精卵孵化约需要29～42天，孵化率为83.8％。 金乌贼的受精卵为沉性卵，外包白色膜质卵膜，膜外多裹沙粒，一端稍尖，一端分叉，卵子的直径11～12mm左右，常常附着于海藻或其他附着物上。仔乌形态与成体金乌贼相似，其胴长、体重的平均值分别为5.53mm、70mg。出生后个体已具有以触腕捕食的能力，白天仔乌多静伏水底，夜间活跃。通过比较出生个体与死亡个体的内壳轮纹数，没有合适的饵料可能是金乌贼幼体大量死亡的原因。寻找合适的开口饵料对于金乌贼的育苗是十分关键的。 金乌贼对不同材料的产卵附着基有选择性，不同材料附着基附卵效果的研究结果表明：柽柳、黄花蒿、地肤草、竹苗的平均附着率分别为74.0％、71.2％、31.9％和20.2％，四种附着基附卵量500粒以上比例的平均值分别为79.7％、金鸟贼受精卵孵化及增殆附卵基质的试验拟i一究72.8%、10.5%和o。研究发现，怪柳、黄花篙、地肤草、竹苗四种材料年间附着基的附着率相近，今后，可选择怪柳和黄花篙作为金乌贼受精卵附着基进行金乌贼的增殖保护。 以上结果为金乌贼的人工增殖提供了基础数据，为合理利用和保护金乌贼资源提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sepia esculenta belongs to the family Sepiidae, the genus Sepia. This sepecies is widely distributed in Far East. It is a commonly occurring cuttlefish found in the north coast of China, and comprises an important coastal fisheries resource.There are few papers about Sepia esculenta in the last twenty years. The cuttlefish, Sepia esculenta, examined in this paper belongs to the population inhabiting Lan Shan Tou,Ri Zhao, on the coast of Shan Dong Province, China. The samples collected were researched by using traditionally morphological method. The development of larva and adhesion effect of Chengliu (Tamarix chinensis), Huanghuahao (Artemisia annud), Difucao (Kochia scoparia), Zhumiao (bamboo branch) was researched.First, the morphological characters of Sepia esculenta were observed and the morphological characters of the jaws in Sepia esculenta were described in the first time.Second, the oosperm hatching of Sepia esculenta and larval development were researched in the lab.Third, adhesion effect of Chengliu (Tamarix chinensis), Huanghuahao (Artemisia annud), Difucao (Kochia scoparia), Zhumiao (bamboo branch) was researched.The oosperm hatching of Sepia esculenta of Lanshan coastal waters of Rizhao under the laboratory condition was done. The hatching rate of Sepia esculenta oosperm was about 83.8% and the juveniles were similar with adult Sepia esculenta. The average value of mantle length and body weight was 5.53 mm and 70 mg respectively. The results on adhesion effect of Chengliu (Tamarix chinensis), Huanghuahao (Artemisia annua), Difucao (Kochia scoparia), Zhumiao (bamboobranch) showed that the average adhesion rates was 74.0%, 71.2%, 31.9%, 20.2% respectively, and the average value of proportion of egg number above 500 was 79.7%, 72.8%, 10.5%, 0 respectively. Chengliu and Huanghuahao may be selected to be the adhesive materials of Sepia esculenta oosperm in the future enhancement.This paper may be contribute to the enhancement of Sepia esculenta and give useful data for cultivation of Sepia esculenta in the future.更多还原