【作者】 董秀英；

【导师】 范先钢；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 定中超常搭配的定语和中心语没有直接的语义联系，而是以其语义依托对象为“桥梁”嫁接沟通起来的。本文以此对象为基点，着力探讨定中超常搭配的嫁接沟通机制。正文共分为四部分： 第一部分论述定中超常搭配的语义基础。指出定中乖戾是定中超常搭配最基本的语义特征，另有依托和三角对应则是其形成的必要条件。第二部分讨论显性语义依托对象的确定。显性语义依托对象一般是立足于定语的，当语义依托对象是表示人、具体物或感觉的名词性成分时，它一般和中心语具有领属或处属关系。如：“我孤傲的灵魂必须撑开夜色。”；“小唐走了，给房间留下了空荡荡的寂寞。”语义依托对象“我”、“房间”分别是中心语“灵魂”、“寂寞”的领有者和产生的处所；当语义依托对象是动词时，和中心语是常规或非常规搭配，如“他连喝了三杯猛酒。”定语“猛”语义依托于“喝”，“猛喝”，“喝酒”都是常规搭配。“热烘烘的勇气烧得屋子发烫”中“热烘烘”语义依托于“烧”，“烧得热烘烘”。但中心语“勇气”和动词“烧”则是超常搭配；当语义依托对象不是具体的事物或动作，而是整个上下文语境时，定语是作者在该环境中对中心语的感受，如“我躺在没有亲戚味道的床上，只有药味，只有含着药味的月色来找我”中“含着药味的月色”的语义依托对象是句中加点的部分。第三部分讨论隐性语义依托对象的激活。当隐含的语义依托对象是名词的转指义时，可以是名词的性质义，并且定位名词的类别影响定中超常搭配的构成，性质义的激活是在“物体—性状”认知框架内，物体转指性状的结果。也可以是名词的范畴义，该名词一般位于中心语位置，是其所在范畴中的典型成员，范畴义的激活是在“整体—部分”认知框架内，部分转指整体的结果；当隐含的语义依托对象是表示人、具体物或感觉等名词性成分时，立足于定语的语义依托对象是在“物体—性状”认知框架内，由性状激活的。立足于中心语的语义依托对象是在“整体—部分”认知框架内，由部分激活的；当隐含的语义依托对象是一体两面时，由人们的认知经验激活。当人们的认知框架或认知经验无法激活隐含的对象时，由上下文语境激活。第四部分在前三部分的基础上，从上下文语境和人们的知识背景两个方面探讨定中超常搭的理解方式。并论述了其独特的语用价值。本文主要结论是，定中超常搭配的构成不是任意的，深层结构中定语和中心语是以其语义依托对象为“桥梁”嫁接起来的。此对象在句子表层结构中有显现和隐含两种情况，显现时，人们心理上很容易将显著事物的性状转移到跟其相关的不太显著的事物上；隐含时，人们根据相关知识背景或上下文语境可将其激活；定中超常搭配具有独特的语用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Attribute and headword, of the transnormal collocation, are connected not by the semantic meaning directly but the relying object of the semantic meaning. Based on the relying object of the semantic meaning, the paper pays great attention to the mechanism of graft and communication of the transnormal collocation of attribute and headword. The paper falls into four parts.Part One is focused on the foundation of semantic meaning of the transnormal collocation of attribute and headword and pointing out the collision of semantic meaning of attribute and headword is the essential characteristics of transnormal collocation of attribute and headword. while the relying object of the semantic meaning and the triangle relationship are prerequisites of existence of this kind of collocation.Part Two is the focus on discrimination of dominant relying objects of the semantic meaning in the context. When the objects are nouns referring to the person, the item, or the feeling, they are the owner or the place of the headword , for example :“My proud soul has to support the night; Xiao Tang’s departure brought about the deserted loneliness of the room.”, among which the relying objects of the semantic meaning, “I , the room” are the owner of “the soul” and the place of “loneliness” respectively. When the relying object is a verb, it has a normal or transnormal collocation with the headword, for example “He drunk three cups of wine all of a sudden.” The attribute “sudden” relies on “drink” semantically, and “drink all of a sudden”，drink “wine” are normally collocated. “With the burning courage, the room is very hot.” “ burning” relies on “burn”—“烧得热烘烘”, the collocation of “courage” and “burn” is transnormal. If the relying object is not the concrete item or action, but the whole context, the attribute is the author’s expression on the headword in the context. for example “the moonlight with the taste of medication” of “I lied in the bed without any affection, only the taste of medication left. Only the moonlight with the taste of medication was beside me”. Part Three is focused on activation of implied relying objects of the semantic meaning. If the implied is noun’s transferred referent meaning, it can be property meaning of the noun, and the type of nouns on the place of attribute exerts an influence on such a collocation. In addition, activation of property meaning is the consequence of object transferring property in the cognitive schema of “object-property”. It also can be the category of the noun of the headword, but the noun t must be the typical essential element of the category. And the activation of category is the consequence of part transferring whole in the cognitive schema of “whole-part”. When the implied is a noun referring to the person, the item, or the feeling, the object of the normal collocation element of the attribute is activated by property in the cognitive schema of “object-property”. While he object of the normal <WP=4>collocation element of the headword is activated by part in cognitive schema of “whole-part”. If the implied is the two sides of one item, they are activated by our cognitive experience. But, if our cognitive frame or cognitive experience can’t activate the implied object. It can be activated by context.On the basis of Part One, Two and Three, Part Four is devoted to discussing the understanding of the transnormal collocation of attribute and headword , which relaying on context or people’s knowledge background, and discussing the particular semantic function of the transnormal collocation of attribute and headword as well.The paper is concluded that the transnormal collocation of attribute and headword is not optional, the relying object of the semantic meaning is the bridge of attribute and headword in the deep structure, while it has two forms in the surface structure: dominant and recessive. As to the first, in one’s mind character of salient one item can be transferred to the other relevant items which isn’t salient witho更多还原