【作者】 梁海波；

【导师】 陈勤；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 社会现代化是一个以经济发展为基础，以工业化为动力，以科学技术发展为先导和纽带，以人的全面发展为主体，涉及政治、经济等诸多领域的革命性、全球性、长期性和整体性的发展与变迁过程。现代化包括物质器物现代化、政治制度现代化和人的现代化三个层面。目前，我国的经济建设已经取得了喜人的成就，制度文化建设也正在逐步推进的过程中，而在人的现代化这一层面所做的工作还不尽如人意。具有现代性的现代化，才是真正的现代化；具有现代性意识的公民，才是实现现代化、实现政治文明的真正推动力量。所以，我们要培养现代公民的一个重要条件就是培育公民社会。然而，我国1958年以来建立的户籍管理制度，不仅固化公民先天身份，而且人为地形成了城乡分割的二元社会结构，造成农民和城市市民国民待遇的不平等，这是培育公民社会的最大障碍。因此，笔者在导师陈勤教授的指导下，以马克思主义为依托，运用现代化理论，对户籍制度改革与培育我国公民社会的互动关系进行研究。除引言和结语外，全文共分为五个部分。在引言中，笔者对本文所涉及的关键性概念，如户籍制度改革、国民待遇、公民社会等进行了界定，并就学术界对这一问题的研究状况和意义进行了简明扼要的阐述，同时也对本文所拟解决的主要问题及其分析框架进行说明。 第一部分：简要回顾了现行户籍制度的历史变迁。户籍制度是伴随着我国建国初期计划经济体制的确立而逐步建立起来的，并在社会治安综合管理和集中精力进行社会主义工业化、城市化建设等方面发挥了重要作用，但其最重要的负面影响是人为地制造城乡之间公民不平等的国民待遇。改革开放后，随着社会主义市场经济体制的确立，加速了户籍制度改革的步伐。第二部分：实然性分析。本文所指的现行户籍制度不是一个纯粹意义上的户籍行政管理制度，而是以户籍身份制度和人口迁移禁锢制度为核心的与户籍身份、户籍管理有关的一系列社会具体制度的总称。它已远远超出了本身治安管理与人口统计之类的职能范围，而与粮油供应、劳动就业、义务教育、福利保障等具体的社会制度紧密地结合在一起，从而为现行户籍制度衍生出固化公民先天身份、控制人口自由迁移等多种附属职能，造成我国公民身份不平等和权力不平等。本文分析了现行户籍制度的主要弊端：制造可悲的国民身份歧视，对公民的自由迁徙设置藩篱。这是造成社会不公正的主要制度障碍。第三部分：主要阐述以平等的国民待遇为突破口，改革现行的户籍制度。我国现行的户籍制度改革是处于被动地位的，已经远远不能满足社会主义市场经济发展的需要，<WP=5>从内外的因素来看，深化户籍制度改革已是大势所趋。户籍制度改革可以从以下几个方面着手：第一，用宪法保障公民迁徙自由的权利；第二，用身份证制度代替户口制度；第三，消除农村剩余劳动力转移的制度性障碍。户籍制度改革的最终目标归根到底是一个人权问题，即实现不同地域、不同身份的公民之间迁徙自由和各项基本权利的平等。平等的国民待遇既是户籍制度改革的价值取向，也是培育中国公民的坚实基础。第四部分：应然性分析。培育中国的公民社会是一个紧迫的时代任务，也是保障人权的重要保证。首先对公民社会、市民社会和民间社会三个概念进行了区别，在此基础上界定了公民社会的含义；其次分析了公民社会与现代化、市场经济的内在联系；最后，分析了培育中国公民社会的重要性和必要性，并指出平等的国民待遇是公民社会的内在逻辑和必然要求。第五部分，中国公民社会的前景展望。发生在二十世纪晚期的中国的改革开放，造成中国经济、社会、文化等各个方面的巨大转变，其中的一个重要标志就是公民社会的兴起。在现代化进程中，中国的公民社会应以政府培育为主，以市场经济拉动和民间力量的自然生长为辅，同时，应积极培育社会中间层和社团组织，不断提升社会理性和法制化程度。此外，中国公民社会理论研究的兴起和公民意识的逐步形成，也为培育公民社会提供了良好的条件。公民社会是中国实现现代化和民主化、融入世界主流文明的一个坚实可靠的支点。 结语：对本文的主要观点进行归纳和总结。中国目前所进行的户籍制度改革正在向着有利于实现平等的国民待遇的方向发展，这是培育公民社会的关键。中国共产党是推动中国公民社会发展、实现有中国特色现代化的重要力量。更多还原

【Abstract】 The social modernization is a developing and changing process which is revolutionary, global, long-run and entire involving politics, economy and many other realms. It regards the economic development as the foundation, the industrialization as the motive, the scientific and technological development as the forerunner and tie, the people’s well-round development as corpus. Three aspects are included in this process, there are material modernization, political system modernization and human being modernization. Currently, with the greatly accomplished economical development and advanced system culture development, what we have done for the human being’s development is still not so satisfactory the modernization can be real only characterized as being modern; while the citizens with modern consciousness can be the real impetus to realize modernization and political civilization. Therefore, to develop a citizen society becomes one important condition to educate modern citizens. However, since 1958, the household register management system established, not only fossilizes the citizens’ inborn identity, but also forms a two-dollar social construction where the city and countryside are partitioned, which results in unequal treatment between the peasants and the citizens in city, and which turns to be the biggest obstacle in fostering citizen society. Consequently, under the guide of professor ChenQin, the author carries out some research on the interactive relationship between reform of household system and the development of citizen society in our country. Basing on Marxism, such research makes use of modern theories.In addition to preface and conclusion, the whole passage is divided into 5 parts totally.In preface, the author defines the key concepts involved, such as the household register system reform, citizen’s treatment citizen society and so on, and elucidates the research’s condition and meaning of this problem in the academic circle, combining with the explanation to the key problems and its analysis framework.The first part: It takes a brief review of the historical change in the current household register system. At the initial stage of our country, established the register system is formed gradually accompanying with the planned economy system. It plays an important role in the comprehensive management of the social public order, social industrialization and city construction. However, the most important negative influence is to create the unequal treatment of citizens between the city and the countryside. After the open-up reform, the household system reform has been accelerated with the establishment of the social market economy system.The second part: It is an unexpected analysis. The current household register system is not purely a system of household administrative management, but it is a name of a series of social <WP=7>concrete systems focusing on the household register identity system and population-transfer confinement system and concerning household register identity and household register management. It goes far beyond the functional scope of the management of public order, population statistics and so on, but is closely combined with the concrete social system: food and oil supply, labor employment, compulsory education and social welfare. As a result, some subordinative functions have derived from this system like the fossilization of the citizen’s inborn identity and the control of free population-transfer, resulting in the inequality of the citizen’s identity and power. The text analysized the main problem of the current household register system. It concerns the lamentable discrimination against the citizen identity and the barrier to the citizen’s free transfer, which becomes the main system obstacle of the social unfairness.The third part: It illustrates the reform of the current household register system basing on the equal citizen’s treatment, placed on the passive position, the current system can not satisfy the demand of the development of the social market economy.更多还原