【作者】 陈飞霞；

【导师】 韦亚兵；

【作者基本信息】 南京工业大学 ， 高分子材料， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会对节能和环保问题日益关注,对玻璃的透明隔热性能也提出了越来越高的要求。普通玻璃虽然透明性好,但是对红外线的隔绝不够,给许多需要隔绝热辐射的场合带来巨大的能量损失,而现有的隔热玻璃普遍存在性能上或者成本上的缺陷。纳米氧化铟锡具有优异的可见光透过性并能有效阻隔红外线,是一种理想的透明隔热材料。将纳米氧化铟锡加入到涂料中制成透明隔热涂料的方法可有效解决玻璃的透明隔热问题,并具有工艺简单和低成本的优点,具有极高的应用价值和广阔的市场前景。本文首先研究了纳米氧化铟锡在水性体系中的分散性能,考察了 PH 值、分散剂种类与用量、分散介质、分散工艺参数及不同分散手段对纳米氧化铟锡分散稳定性的影响。结果表明,纳米氧化铟锡在水中的等电点为 PH=7～8,大于或小于此值分散稳定性均有提高。分散体系的最佳分散剂为阴离子聚合物分散剂EP,最佳用量为纳米粒子重量比的 15%左右,体系中加入 50%体积比的乙醇可明显提高分散稳定性。考察了不同分散方法的不同工艺条件对分散稳定性的影响,超声分散的分散效果优于球磨和高速分散,高速分散后进行超声分散的分散效果比单独超声分散有提高。用上述最佳配方和分散工艺得到的纳米氧化铟锡分散体的平均粒径在 100nm 左右。本文采用在水中分散的纳米氧化铟锡浆料并使用水性聚氨酯作成膜剂,通过加入共溶剂并调整体系 PH 值的方法,制得了性能良好的透明隔热涂膜。通过涂膜力学性能、光学性能和扫描电镜的结果分析,该透明隔热涂料的最佳 PVC 值为 0.017,小于 CPVC 理论值,具有良好的综合力学性能。该透明隔热涂料具有良好的光谱选择性,在可见光区具有高的透过性并能有效阻隔红外光区的热辐射。PVC 为 0.017 的涂膜其可见光透过率达到了 86.73%,红外阻隔率为 48.6%。在大气质量为 1 和 2 时的太阳光直接透射比分别为 72.04%和 75.37%,即分别有27.96%和 24.63%的太阳光辐射热量被有效阻挡。通过对涂膜的扫描电镜分析表明,涂膜中纳米氧化铟锡基本分布均匀。采用自制的隔热效果测试装置对透明隔热涂料的隔热效果进行了测定,结果表明该涂料具有明显的隔热效果,在碘钨灯照射下透明隔热玻璃和空白玻璃之间的温差可达到 6℃以上,最高可超过 13℃。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the society pays more and more attention to problems of energy resources andthe environment, higher and higher requirements have been put forward to transparentand heat insulating performance of glass. Although the transparency of ordinary glassis considerably high, it can hardly insulate the infrared radiation, which results inenormous energy loss on occasions when insulation from heat radiation is necessary.Currently existing heat insulation glass has these defects, generally weighing down onperformance or production cost. Having high transparency in visible light andeffective infrared-insulating performance, nano-metered indium tin oxide (ITO) is anideal transparent and heat-insulating material. The preparation of transparent and heatinsulating coatings made from nano-ITO can solve these problems. In addition, it hasadvantages like low cost and a simplified production process. So this kind of coatinghas very high practical application values and wide market prospects. The dispersion behaviors of nano-ITO in an aqueous system are studied in thispaper firstly. The Influence of PH value, type and content of dispersants, dispersionmedium, processing parameters, and different dispersing methods for dispersionstability results are discussed. These indicate that the isoelectric point determined inwater is 7-8. The dispersion stability improves when the PH value rises above orbelow this value. The optimum dispersant and its content in the dispersion system isEP, and 15% of the weight of nano particles. The maximum improvements ofdispersion stability are acquired when 50% of ethanol by volume is added to thedispersion system. The influence of different dispersing methods and processingparameters on the dispersion stability are compared. The ultrasonic dispersion methodis more effective than milling and high-speed dispersion methods. The combination ofboth high-speed and ultrasonic dispersion methods can improve the dispersing effectsslightly more than ultrasonic dispersion, which can acquire a nano ITO slurry havingaverage diameter of 100nm and a narrow particle size distribution. Transparent and heat insulating coating of high performance is prepared by i<WP=6>ABSTRACTadding aqueous polyurethane film-forming agent to aqueous slurry of nano ITO, andadjusting the cosolvent and PH value of the coating system. By looking at the resultsof the coating’s mechanical and optical performance, including the SEM analysis, wecan draw the conclusion that 0.017 is near to the actual CPVC value of that coating,and it has a good comprehensive mechanical performance. The coating hasremarkable solar spectrum selectivity that can transmit visible light and insulateinfrared radiation. For the coating which has a PVC value of 0.017, the visible lighttransmittance is 86.73%, and infrared radiation insulation is 48.6%. The solar directtransmittance is 72.04% and 75.37% respectively when the atmosphere quality is 1and 2. That is to say, 27.96% and 24.63% of the heat coming from solar radiation isinsulated respectively. SEM analysis of the coatings indicates that the distribution ofITO in coatings is almost homogeneous. The heat insulating effects of the coating isdetermined by self-made equipment. Results indicate that the coating has obvious heatinsulating effects, which have a temperature difference of 6-13℃ between the heatinsulating and ordinary glass under iodine-tungsten lamp.更多还原