【作者】 费发洲；

【导师】 姜周存；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 民族传统体育学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 太极拳内容丰富、形式多样、风格独特、运动简便、老少皆宜，具有广泛的适应性和深厚的群众基础。随着社会的发展和人民文化生活水平的提高，作为一种民族文化和健身运动的太极拳显示了东方文化的特色和魅力，展示出在强身健体方面的巨大潜能。 太极拳既有宝贵的医疗保健作用，又有高深的技击艺术。它是一种把我国源远流长的拳术、导引术、吐纳术三者结合，加以创新的强身治病、增强体质和延年益寿的体育运动。太极拳除全身各个肌肉群、关节需要活动外，还要配合均匀的深呼吸与横膈运动，更重要的是精神的专注，心静、用意对中枢神经系统起了良好的作用，从而为其他系统、器官的活动与改善打下了良好的基础。可适用于青、壮、老年等各个年龄层次以及各种体质状况的人锻炼。 现在，人们习惯了用科学的眼光看待事物，已经走出了太极拳那古老、神秘的迷谷，逐渐认识到太极拳本身实际的价值。太极拳特有的“心静体松”的技法要求，采用顺腹式或逆腹式呼吸，以及贯穿始终的螺旋式的弧形动作，对全身各部位都有良好的刺激和锻炼价值。太极拳不但可以单独练习，而且还可以多人或集体练习，不受场地、时间、器械等条件的限制，所以，太极拳得到了越来越多的人的喜爱。 目前，国内外关于太极拳运动的研究成果已有很多，但大多数是单纯的谈技法，或者是对一些中老年人常见病进行太极拳练习前后的调查或实验结果进行分析。有些研究成果(尤其是从技法谈健身方面)不能从科学的、系统的、全面的理论高度分析与解释太极拳运动的健身作用。在学习太极拳时，人们普遍反映太极拳难学，有很多人未得其要领，或效颦于一招一式，或形不似意不达，或偏刚偏柔，或虚实不分，虽常年练习，却事倍功半，终未深入其境，故太极拳应有的功能大大降低。这些现象的产生皆源于对太极拳缺乏正确的、深刻的理解。只有从理论上把握太极拳的精髓，才有可能在实践中收到好的效果。因此必须进一步科学地继承、理解、把握太极拳的内涵。 通过查阅有关资料，本文先从太极拳的概述谈起，论述了太极拳的生理学基础和医疗保健功能，结合本人的体会通过探讨太极拳运动中的行拳法则、劲力法贝l」和I技击法则，论述了太极拳的技法对健身的影响，最后得出: 太极拳是一种合乎人体生理规律的赵身运动，具有很强的医疗保健功能。它对神经系统、呼吸系统、心脏血管系统、消化系统与新陈代谢等都有良好的作用，通过长期科学地锻炼，不但可以增强人们的体质，提高健康水平，防病治病，延年益寿，陶冶情操，修身养性，丰富人们的文化生活，而且对当前开展的全民健身运动，对精神文明和物质文明建设都有积极的推动作用。 要想达到更好的健身效果，必须按照太极拳的技法要求进行科学地练习，这样才能达到事半功倍的效果。因此，教师除具备高超的技艺和掌握太极拳的理论知识外，还必须有一套好的教学方法，使练习者在明晰太极拳技法的基础上，按照技法要求进行反复地练习、体会，才能达到强身健体、防身自卫的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shadowboxing , which has rich contents, multiple forms, special manner, and convenient method, is appropriate for both the old and the young, so it has a broad adaptability and profound mass foundation. Along with the social development and the improvement of people’s spiritual life, Shadowboxing shows its unique eastern cultural features and fascination, ushers its immense potential on strengthening people’s physique.Shadowboxing, as has both valuable medical treatment and health care functions, its features are as follows: gentle and slow action, natural breath, using spirit not strength. Shadowboxing combines with the movement of whole muscle and joints, it also needs even deep breathing and diaphragm, exercising, more importantly, concentrated attention, calm mood and single-minded consciousness plays an important part. They have an active effect on the central nervous system thus lay a solid foundation for the movement and improvement of other systems and organs. So it is adaptable for the whole nation.Now, people are used to treating things from a scientific perspective, and they have got rid of its ancient myth. And have gradually been realizing the practical value of shadowboxing itself. The unique technique requirement of tranquil mind and relaxing body, the clockwise and adverse breathing way, and the spiral arch action all have effective influences to all parts of the body and they can also bring forth exercise value. Moreover, it can be practiced both individually and collectively, and it is independent of grounds, time and apparatus. In view of all the advantages, shadowboxing becomes more and more popular.Presently, There are lots of research fruit on shadowboxing both at home and abroad, but most of them talked about only techniques, or the analysis on the comparative results of the mid-aged and the old who suffer from common diseases before and after they embark on shadowboxing practice. But these researches cannot analyze and explain its body-building function scientifically, systematically and comprehensively. When learning shadowboxing, most people find it a hard nut to crack, so they fail to grasp its essentials. They just content to imitate the posture but don’ t know the posture’ s sense and confuse reality with imaginary. They exercise long-time but get half the result with twice the efforts, and do not deserve the function of shadowboxing. A positive result dwells in a good comprehension of the shadowboxing theory. So we must inherit, comprehend and master shadowboxing essentials in a scientific way.By reading some related materials, I discuss from the introductionof shadowboxing, and then explain further about its physiology base medical care function. Accord ing to my own teaching experience, this paper mainly talks about technical theory of shadowboxing, i ts practice and the relationship between them.The conclusion is shadowboxing is a kind of body-suitable sport, it has excellent medical health caring function. It has an effective function to nerve system, breath system, heart vassal system, digesting system and metabolism. Through long - termed exercise, people can obtain a good quality, a healthy body to defend all disease, thus can get a long life, edify their sentiment, cultivate their morality and enrich people’ s culture life. What’ s more, it promotes all sports movement and drives our matter and spirit civilization development.To gain a better effect of bodybuilding, people have to exercise shadow boxing in accordance with its technique to get twice the result with half the effort. Therefore the trainer not only has to master proficient skill and shadow boxing theory but also has to grasp good teaching methods. These can let learners obtain the purpose of health and self-defense, on base of grasping its technique, and exercising it in require of the technique.更多还原