【作者】 高守英；

【导师】 吴泉源；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 济南市是以泉水著称的国家级历史文化名城，泉水的动态变化对济南市的社会经济、环境有着重大的影响。近20年来，泉水的喷涌量、喷涌时间不断减少，究其原因是多方面的。许多学者、研究机构从不同角度对济南市的泉水进行了科学的研究，特别在济南市地下水补给方面，并提出城市扩展对地下水补给量具有影响。本文就是在前人研究的基础上，利用了3S技术，从空间角度分析了城市扩展导致下垫面变化，从而引起地下水补给量的减少。研究结果表明，城市扩展是导致地下水补给量减少的主要原因之一，研究结果验证前人的科学观点。 研究范围：济南市区与长清县界为西边界，南以长城岭地表分水岭为界，东界到东坞断裂，北部以石炭、二叠系和火成岩交界处为北界，整个研究区范围位于济南泉域区内，面积大约为1003.5km~2。 研究方法：本次工作在前人研究的基础上，以水文学、水文地质学理沦为依据，通过收集国内外有关资料和研究区有关研究成果，科学地论证了地下水补给量与下垫面之间的关系。并以此为理论依据和分类指标，利用先进的3S技术，在MAPINFO、ARCVIFW、ERDAS等软件支持下，提取研究区不同时期的空间信息，将空间信息转化为水文信息，根据研究区三水转化关系，分三部分计算研究区地下水补给减少量：降水入渗补给减少量、水体渗漏补给减少量、灌溉回灌水补给减少量，得出城市扩展对研究区地下水补给的影响情况。 主要研究成果： 1、借鉴前人的理论成果及试验数据，结合研究区下垫面的实际情况，采用变参系数法，比较合理的确定了不同下垫面的入渗系数。 2、通过分析计算，验证了城市扩展对地下水补给量有很大影响的科学判断。 3．研究结果表明，自1995年至2000年期间，由于城市扩展导致正常年份每年减少地下水补给：1995—1998年减少231.9万m~3；1998—2000年减少288.4万m~3。 4．从土地利用类型变化分析城市扩展，耕地的城市化是影响地下水补给量减少的主要因素，其次是草地。由此可见，城市扩展应尽可能避免占用耕地。绿化是增加地下水补给量的有效方法。 5．从空间角度分析城市扩展，城市扩展速度与地形地貌关系密切。平原、丘陵地区的城市扩展速度是占主要地位，因而平原、丘陵地区的降水入渗减少量最大。因此，平原、丘陵地区的城市化又是导致地下水补给量减少的主要原因。 6、借用3S技术，从不同时间、不同角度分析城市扩展的发展变化规律是一项十分有效地技术手段。同样，地下水的补给涉及到地貌、土地利用、降水量等各项要素，反映这些要素的数据量十分大，传统的研究方法很难做到同步、准确、及时。本项研究仅用了3个时相的遥感图像，便可以准确的提取不同时期的下垫面信息。 7、试验观测到的数据是本文写作的基础，没有前人的研究成果、试验数据，便不可能合理准确的获得本次研究成果。因此，传统的研究手段也是不可缺少的，只有将传统的研究方法与现代技术融合在一起，才能有效地提高研究水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Jinan is known as a history culture city for springs in the world, the dynamic varieties of the spring water-table have got an important influence in the economy, environment of Jinan city. In recent twenty years, the reasons are various that the spring-supply and time reduce continuously. Many scholars and organizations have done many works on the spring of Jinan, especially in the aspects of recharge of groundwater in Jinan , and put forward that the urban expansion has the influence in recharge of the groundwater. This paper is based on the investigation of the fore people, makes use of 3S technologies, analyzes the bottom mat changed from the city expansion, which causes the fall of groundwater level. The result expresses: it is a science standpoint that urban expansion is one of the main reasons to cause the decreasing of supply to groundwater.The range of research: the boundary of Jinan between Changqing county is the west boundary, the mountain range of the Great Wall watershed is the south boundary, the Dongwu fracture is the east boundary, the hand over boundary of anthracolithic system and igneous rock is the north boundary. The whole research scope locates inside the spring field of Jinan, and area is about 1003.5 Square Kilometers. This work is founded on fore research, by hydrology, hydrology geology theories, on collecting the domestic and international relevant data and the relevant research result, proofing the relations between recharge of ground-water and the bottom mat types. The paper extracts information of the study field by 3S technologies, then converts space information as the hydrology information, according to the three water conversion relates in the study field, calculates the reduce from recharge of groundwater: the reduce from recharge of precipitation, the reduce from recharge of surface water, the reduce from recharge of irrigation water, at last gets quantitative dates. The Main research results:l.The paper confirms reasonably the different coefficients of recharge from precipitation as the different bottom mats by adopting to change coefficient method.2. On the analysis and calculation, the paper verifies the science judgment that urban expansion has influence in recharge from groundwater.3. The research result expresses: From 1995 to 2000 years, the urban expansion causes to the reduce in recharge of groundwater annually; Between 1995 and 1998 years, the recharge of groundwater decreases 2,319,000 square; between 1998 and 2000 years, the recharge of groundwater decreases 2, 884,000 square.4. From changes of the bottom e mat types, it is a main factor to affect the groundwater replenishment that the farmland is turned into the urban, the lawnis the next in order. From this, the urban expansion should avoid taking up farmland possibly. It is the valid method to add supply to underwater by afforesting.5. The pace of urban expansion relates closely to topography. The plain, mound is the main region turned to urban, so reduce of recharge from precipitation is the largest in the plain, mound.6. It is the available means to analyze the variety regulation of urban expansion from the different meantime and angle by 3S technologies. The recharge of underground water is affected by the geography, land use, precipitation etc, for elemental huge data, the traditional method is impossible to attain the synchronous, accurate, in time date. Using only three images of remote sensing, the bottom mat information can be accurately extracted.7. Experiment datas done are the foundation of the paper. It is impossible to get the reasonable and accurate research results without the fore experiment datas. Therefore the traditional research means are indispensable, only blending modern technique with the traditional research method together, it is possible to increase the study level.更多还原