【作者】 宋芸；

【导师】 潘光堂；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究针对目前玉米幼胚培养主要性状（胚性愈伤组织诱导率、非胚性愈伤组织出愈率、愈伤组织绿苗克隆力和再分化数）的遗传变异规律还相当不清的实际情况，选用四川农业大学玉米所经多年筛选获得的幼胚培养表现特别优良、且为西南玉米杂交育种的骨干系自交系R18.599（红）为亲本与另一个幼胚培养能力极差的自交系R15杂交，组配P₁、P₂、F₁、B₁、B₂、F₂等6个世代，采用k．mather提出的世代均数法与盖钧镒等的主基因—多基因混合遗传模型分析等两种方法分析研究，获得以下主要结果： 1．世代均数法分析结果表明：性状幼胚培养愈伤组织诱导率符合加性-显性-上位性模型，该性状存在有显著的[d]和[i]、[1]双基因互作效应；非固定遗传方差明显大于固定遗传方差。性状非胚性愈伤组织出愈率符合除[h]和[i]基因效应以外的加性-显性-上位性基因效应模型，非固定遗传方差则明显小于固定遗传方差。性状愈伤组织绿苗再分化数符合加性-显性基因效应模型，显性度估计该性状为部分显性；性状胚性愈伤组织克隆能力符合加性-显性基因效应模型，显性度估计则该性状为超显性。 2．主基因-多基因遗传模型分析结果表明：幼胚培养愈伤组织诱导率性状符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型；非胚性愈伤组织出愈率符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型；再分化数则推断为受1对主基因+多基因遗传模型控制；克隆能力符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型。同时，组合R18-599（红）×R15的F₂后代胚愈率、非胚愈率、克隆力及再分化数4个性状的主基因遗传率分别为：0.8233，0.6977，0.7379，0.4829其多基因遗传率分别为0.0038，0，0.0825，0.3825。显然，玉米多数组培性状由2对主基因+多基因控制。 3．综合两种分析方法的结果可以清楚发现，玉米幼胚培养性状呈现出2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型、一对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性多基因混合遗传模型、2对主基因遗传模型（加性-显性-上位性遗传模型）等共3种遗传模型，都表现出明显的质量+数量性状的遗传特点。 4．玉米幼胚培养性状中胚愈率、克隆能力及再分化数的最适遗传模型为主基因+多基因混合遗传或主基因遗传，由于控制玉米幼胚培养性状的主基因效应较大，杂交种后代的变异主要由双亲均值间的差异决定。因此，要组配优良玉米幼胚培养性状的杂交种必须要有优良玉米幼胚培养性状的亲本;否则很难通过基因的非加性作用（即特殊配合力效应）来获得优良玉米幼胚培养性状的杂交种。同时玉米幼胚培养性状的遗传变异受多基因修饰，应在充分考虑主基因效应的基础上，应重视对多基因效应的利用，以培育具有最优玉米幼胚培养性状的种质材料。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is because that the hereditary variation regularity for the main characters of the maize culturing such as efficiency of embryonic callus induction\efficiency of non-embryonic callus induction\embryonic callus clone ability and number of regenerating plant, which hint the maize culturing capacity, is not very clear.Two kinds of the inbred line selected as parents that they were picked out the R18-599(hong) and R15 by Maize research institute of Sichuan agricultural university. The R18-599(hong) is not only superior in the characters of maize cross breeding but also excellent in transformation character as the immature embryo culturing. R15 was taken as the other kind as it is good in crossbreeding, but bad in the transformation. Two maize Fj hybrids, F2s backcrosses Bls and B2s and their parents P, and P2 were used to estimate the gene effects for 4 culturing characters, with combing quantitative-character genetic analyzing methods such as 6 generation mean analysis by K. mather 6 generation joint analysis by Jun Yi Gai. The main results are followed:1. The results of 6 generation mean analysis showed that the embryonic callus induction efficiency accorded with additive-domiance-epistatic gene model, and it obviously exited the interaction of double gene, the non-fixed component or dominance component was significantly. The non-embryonic callus induction efficiency accorded with additive-domiance-epistatic genetic model, except for dominance effect and additivexdomiance gene effect, and the non-fixed genetic component was significantly smaller than fixed gentic component or dominance component. The number of regenerating plant accorded with additive-domiance genetic model, and degree of dominance was estimated at incomplete dominance. The embryogenetic callus clone ability accorded with additive-domiance genetic model, and the degree of dominance was estimated at overdominance.2. The results of 6 generation joint analysis showed that the embryonic callus induction efficiency and the non-embryonic callus induction efficiency and embryo genie callus clone ability all accorded with two major genes plus polygene mixed inheritance model. The number of regeneration plant accorded with one major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model. As the same time, the major heritability of the four characters in the cross 18-599(hong)X R15 wereO.8233,0.6977, 0.7379, 0.4829 respectively. The polygene heritability were 0.0038, 0, 0.0825, 0.3825 respectively.culture of characters in maize had 3 kinds of heritability models. They displayed obviously qualitative-quantitative hereditary traits.4. The most agreeable hereditary model of the main traits of immature embryo culture maize was major gene plus polygene mixed hereditary model. Because the major gene was bigger about these traits. The different between the mean of two parents was dicided cross hybrid of mutation. If we request the excellent cross hybrid on immature embryo culture maize, we must have the parent that they have these excellent traits. If we had not the execellent parent, we can not across the gene specific combining ability to get the hybrid that have the excellent culturing traits. The culturing trait of maize was embellished by polygene. We should maximize the polygene effect for nurturing , the most excellent culturing trait for nurturing and the most excellent culturing trait of maize to be breeding material.更多还原