【作者】 韩赞平；

【导师】 汪旭东；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 一、以7个籼型水稻细胞质雄性不育系(D62A、D63A、D64A、D23A、G46A、珍汕97A、金23A)和2个恢复系(蜀恢368、明恢63)为材料，以珍汕97A为对照，对7个不育系的育性、异交性能进行了比较研究，并作了6个性状与异交结实率的相关性和通径分析。主要结果如下： (1) 育性表现。对7个不育系在海南陵水和四川温江两地套袋自交以及在四川温江花粉镜检表明，7个不育系的花粉不育度均为100％，套袋自交结实率均为0。 (2) 抽穗开花习性。除G46A的单穗和单株抽出速度慢于珍汕97A的外，其它各个不育系都比珍汕97A的快，以D64A最快；单穗开花历期珍汕97A最长，单株开花历期G46A最长，D64A的单穗和单株开花历期都最短。D63A、G46A、珍汕97A、金23A均有一个较为明显的盛花时段，尤其是G46A，开花高峰时段的颖花开花率占一日总开花率的26.58％，其余3个不育系开花相对较为分散，无明显的花时高峰；午前开花率以D63A最高，为58.93％，D23A次之，G46A、珍汕97A、金23A的较低。D62A、D63A、D64A、D23A的颖花开花率均高于珍汕97A；闭颖率以G46A和金23A的较高，颖花死亡率以G46A最高。 (3) 颖花性状。7个不育系的颖花开张时间以珍汕97A的为最长，达4.18h，其它6个不育系的颖花开张时间由长到短依次为G46A、D62A、D63A、D64A、D23A、金23A。7个不育系颖间距的大小依次是D62A、D63A、D64A、金23A、D23A、珍汕97A、G46A，其中，珍汕97A、G46A的颖间距小于供试恢复系，但相差不大。7个不育系的张颖角度也都比较大，均在28°以上，但它们的张颖角度都小于供试恢复系。 (4) 柱头外露率及柱头活力。7个不育系的柱头外露率从高至低依次为D62A、金23A、D23A、D63A、珍汕97A、D64A、G46A，并且它们都是柱头单边外露率高于双边外露率。7个不育系的柱头活力都以抽穗后第一天授粉的最强(结实率都在80％以上)，以后随着授粉天数的增加而逐渐减弱，并且它们的结实率随着开花后授粉天数的增加而下降的趋势都比较明显。D62A、D63A、D64A、D23A、G46A、金23A、珍汕97A的柱头生活力系数依次是1.78、1.63、1.91、1.68、1.70、1.58、1.65。 (5) 7个不育系的异交结实率由高到低的顺序是D62A、D63A、D23A、金23A、D64A、G46A、珍汕97A。 (6) 经济性状表现。7个不育系在未喷“九二○”的情况下，包颈穗率均为100％；各不育系的包颈粒率都较高，D62A、D63A、D64A、D23A、G46A、金23A和珍汕97A的包颈粒率依次为9.17％、18.08％、12.39％、17.55％、15.82％、18.47％和19.39％；开花总粒数以珍汕97A最多，其它依次是D62A、G46A、D64A、金23A、D23A、D63A。 (7) 对6个性状与异交结实率的相关性和通径分析结果表明，柱头外露率与异交结实率、张颖角度与异交结实率的相关系数分别为0.963和0.936，都达到了极显著水平，其它性状与异交结实率相关但不显著。柱头外露率对异交结实率的直接效应最大，其直接通径系数为0.8383。张颖时间对异交结实率的直接通径系数为0.4132，但是它通过其它性状对异交结实率所起的间接作用均为负值，所以导致它与异交结实率呈负相关。张颖角度和午前花率对异交结实率的直接效应亦都为正值，直接通径系数分别为0.1648和0.0271。柱头生活力系数和包颈粒率对异交结实率的直接效应均为负值，直接通径系数分别是一0.4811和一0.1020。 二、选用5个釉型细胞质雄性不育系(D64A、D23A、金23A、G46A、珍汕97A)和7个恢复系(蜀恢137、蜀恢168、蜀恢363、蜀恢366、蜀恢365、明恢63、绵恢725)，按NCll遗传交配设计配制35个组合，研究了14个农艺性状的相关性、配合力以及遗传力。结果表明: (l)播始期与株高、穗长、每穗总粒数、剑叶宽度、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数均呈极显著的正相关，与千粒重、单株产量呈显著正相关。株高与穗长、剑叶宽度、二次枝梗数、千粒重、单株产量呈极显著的正相关，与每穗总粒数、一次枝梗数、穗颈长呈显著的正相关。穗长与每穗总粒数、剑叶长度、剑叶宽度、千粒重、单株产量呈显著的正相关，与单株有效穗呈负相关。单株有效穗与每穗实粒数呈极显著负相关(r=一0.724**)，与每穗总粒数呈显著负相关。每穗总粒数与每穗实粒数、剑叶宽度、二次枝梗数、单株产量呈极显著正相关。每穗实粒数与二次枝梗数、单株产量呈极显著正相关，与剑叶宽度呈显著正相关。结实率与多数性状呈极显著负相关。剑叶长度与穗长、一次枝梗数呈显著正相关。一次枝梗数与二次枝梗数、单株产量、播始期呈极显著的正相关，与株高、每穗总粒数、剑叶长度呈显著正相关。二次枝梗数与大多数性状呈极显著正相关。千粒重与株高、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、剑叶宽度、二次枝梗数呈极显著正相关。单株产量与每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、剑叶宽度、二次枝梗数呈极显著正相关，与播始期、单株有效穗、一次枝梗数、千粒重呈显著正相关。穗颈长与株高、每穗总粒数、单株产量呈显著正相关，与单株有效穗呈显著负相关。 (2)不育系的一般配合力方差绝大多数高于恢复系的一般配合力方差。同一亲本不同性状的一般配合力效应值表现不同，不同亲本的同一性状的一般配合力效应值更多还原

【Abstract】 1 Fertility, outcrossing habits of 7 indica cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS) lines(D62A. D63A. D64A, D23A, G46A. Jin23A, Zhenshan97A) and the correlation and path analysis of 6 characters related to outcrossing seed-setting rate were studied. The main results showed:(1) Fertility. The seed-setting rate of self-pollination of 7 CMS lines in Wenjiang and Lingshui were zero. Pollen fertility identified by I2-KI showed the degree of pollen sterility of 7 CMS lines were 100% in Wenjiang.(2) The habits of panicle drawing and flowering. The panicle drawing of 6 CMS lines were faster than CK(Zhenshan97A) except for G46A, D64A was the fastest. As the single panicle flowering duration was concerned, Zhenshan97A was longest, D64A was shortest, but G46A was longest for a single plant in flowering duration, D64A was shortest, too. D63A, G46A, Zhenshan97A and Jin23A had a obvious high flowering time, G46A was especially, the rate of its spikelets flowering in this time was 26.58% in a day. D62A, DMA and D23A had not high flowering time. In percentage of spikelets flowering before noon, D63A was highest(58.93%), secondly was D23A, G46A, Zhenshan97A and Jin23A were lower. The spikelet flowering rate of D62A, D63A, D64A and D23A were higher than Zhenshan97A. The spikelet indehiscent rate of Jin23A and G46A were higher than others. The dead spikelet rate of G46A was the highest.(3) Spikelet traits. Spikelet opening time of Zhenshan97A(4.18h) was longest. The order of other 6 CMS lines in the sequence of decending was G46A. D62A, D63A, D64A D23A, JIN23A. The order of distance of opened spikelet tips in the sequence of decending was D62A, D63A, D64A, JIN23A, D23A Zhenshan97A G46A. Two of them, Zhenshan97A and G46A, their distance of opened spikelet tips were shorter than that of restorer lines (Shuhui368 and Minghui63), but the difference was non-obvious. Opening angle of spikelet of 7 CMS lines were lower than restorer lines, but they all beyond 28.(4) Stigma exserted rate and stigma vigour. The order of stigma exserted rate of 7 CMS lines in the sequence of decending was D62A, Jin23A, D23A, D63A, Zhenshan97A, D64A and G46A. Single stigma exserted rate was higher than double stigma exserted rate in themselves. In the first day of flowering, the stigma vigour of 7 CMS lines were the most strongest, their seed-setting by pollinated were over 80%. From then on, the stigma vigour descended quickly. The coefficient of stigma vigour of D62A, D63A, D64A, D23A, G46A, Jin23A, Zhenshan97A in order was 1.78, 1.63, 1.91, 1.68, 1.70, 1.58, 1.65.(5) The order of outcrossing seed-setting rate of 7 CMS lines in the sequence of decending was: D62A, D63A, D23A, Jin23A, D64A, G46A, Zhenshan97A.(6) Economic traits. In the situation of non-application of "920", unemerged spikelet rate of 7 CMS lines were 100%. The unemerged panicle rate of 7 CMS lines were high innon-application of "920" and the unemerged panicle rate of D62A D63A, D64A. D23A, G46A. Jin23A, Zhenshan97A in order was 9.17%. 18.08%. 12.39%. 17.55%, 15.82% 18.47%. 19.39%. In the number of flowering spikelet, Zhenshan97A was most, in the sequence of decending of others was D62 A. G46A. D64A. Jin23A. D23A. D63A.(7) The correlation and path analysis of 6 characters related to outcrossing seed-setting showed that stigma exserted rate and opening angle were extremely significant positive correlation to outcrossing seed-setting rate, their correlation coefficient was 0.963 and 0.936 respectively. The correlation of outcrossing seed-setting rate and other traits had no significant. The direct effect of stigma exserted rate to outcrossing seed-setting rate was the biggest, the path coefficient was 0.8383. The path coefficient of spikelet opening time to outcrossing seed-setting rate was 0.4132, but its indirect effect through other characters was negative on the whole. As a result, the correlation of spikelet opening time to outcrossing seed-setting rate was negative. The direct effect of opening angle of spikelet and spikelets flowering before noon to outcrossing seed-sett更多还原